Virtual Kollage: FORESTRY

Showing posts with label FORESTRY. Show all posts

Posted by Chester Morton / Thursday, 23 August 2018 / No comments

One year after the Sierra Leone mudslides – could another be lurking in the horizon?

<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://cdn.24.co.za/files/Cms/General/d/6016/4333ccabfdc340b0a64902521d890fd0.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b>Image by: cdn.24.co.za</b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>ONE YEAR AFTER THE SIERRA LEONE MUDSLIDES - COULD ANOTHER BE LURKING IN THE HORIZON?</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>By Divine Sewornu Dzokoto</i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Exactly a year ago this month (August), three days of heavy
rainfall and corresponding devastating floods led to a mudslide in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, killing hundreds of residents. One year on, the activities around the
hillsides of Sierra Leone seems to suggest that another disaster of the same
kind could happen at any time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The three days of heavy rainfall during especially the wet
rainy season was widely blamed for the mudslide. By the time all the water had
passed under the proverbial bridge, 1,141 people were recorded either dead or
missing and over 3,000 people were rendered homeless.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The three days of heavy rainfall was just the immediate cause
of the mudslide. There were other remote causes which eventually led to the
disaster. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Many years before the mudslides of 2017, the Sierra Leone’s
Civil War of between 1991 and 2002; had resulted in the indiscriminate felling
of the countries trees for various purposes because there was no control. This
had led to the deforestation of the land.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<o:p style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Landslide, Landslip, Erosion, Road" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/10/05/11/49/landslide-2819155__340.jpg" /> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the years leading to the torrential rainfall that
immediately caused the mudslide, there was unbridled construction of large
homes on the hillside areas of the capital. Trees had to be cut down to make
way for these constructions. The result was that the stability of the hillsides
was rendered weak. A hazard had been created, waiting to metamorphose into a
disaster.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The drainage system in Freetown was nothing to write home
about. The absence of a proper drainage system meant that the runoff water
could not be properly channeled to avoid the havoc that was eventually caused.
The above factors, being the remote reasons which caused the disaster, it came
as no surprise to those who were overly concerned and feared such a disaster
was in the waiting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What is the surprise, however, is that there does not seem to
be any change in behaviour in the aftermath of the mudslide which claimed so
many innocent lives. Trees are cut down recklessly for its timber because it is
needed and widely used in the construction sector. Structures are still going
up in the hillside area, a phenomenon that was part of the remote causes of the
August, 2017 mudslide. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<o:p style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Geology, Slip, Mountain, Landslide" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/08/19/19/52/geology-3617457__340.jpg" /> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Charcoal business is still booming in Sierra Leone, in the
absence of cheaper alternative means of generating fuel for domestic use. Charcoal is
obtained after trees are felled and burned. The felling of trees to make
charcoal is a further contribution to the deforestation of the country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The mining of stones is another cause for concern. Mining of
stones is also to support the construction sector to build private property and
public infrastructure. Important as these constructions may be, it also further
weakens the holding capacity of the soil. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Also, climate change, which is a known reality, is resulting
in much fewer rains and when they do come, they are very heavy and much
stronger. Experts are warning that there are going to be much stronger rains in
the future, thanks to climate change. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If in Sierra Leone, residents do not desist from the very
things that caused the 2017 mudslide and loss of life, then the catastrophe of
2017 are only waiting to occur, the question is when? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-important-roles-forest-reserves-play-in-the-lives-of-citizens.html" target="_blank">Six important roles forest reserves play in the lives of citizens</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-reasons-which-support-the-creation-and-maintenance-of-tree-plantations.html" target="_blank">Six reasons which support the creation of tree plantations</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/forestry.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in Forestry>></a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a>

One year after the Sierra Leone mudslides – could another be lurking in the horizon?

Image by: cdn.24.co.za ONE YEAR AFTER THE SIERRA LEONE MUDSLIDES - COULD ANOTHER BE LURKING IN THE HORIZON? By Divine Sewornu Dz...

How to identify a game reserve, six distinctive features

<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Wildlife, Nature, Safari, Animal, Wild" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/04/13/15/21/wildlife-3316757__340.jpg" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>WHAT IS A GAME RESERVE?</b></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Definition</b></i></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A game reserve is usually a large area demarcated
for animals in the wild, where they can live safely and usually undisturbed,
though some of them can and are hunted in a controlled fashion. The demarcated
area is usually a large area. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>FEATURES OF A GAME RESERVE<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>The main focus is on fauna</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One of the features of a game reserve is obviously the presence of
animals. The main focus is to create a safe haven for the animals to thrive in
their natural environment. The population of animals could be made up of just
one type of animal as in the case of the monkey sanctuary in Tafi-Atome in the
Volta Region of Ghana or could be made up of different kinds of animals as in
the Sabi Sands Game Reserve in Mpumalanga, South Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Conservation is a key driver</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another characteristic is that the focus is on the conservation
of the animal species. Many animals of the world have gone into extinction in
several countries of the world, like the black rhino extinction in Chad some 50
years ago (now being re-introduced in 2018). One of the aims of a game reserve
is to ensure that animal species are preserved as much as possible to ensure
that they do not go into extinction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<o:p style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Wild Game Ostrich Wildlife Reserve Park Ne" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/09/28/23/07/wild-1701779__340.jpg" /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Opened to the public</b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Again, people are allowed to enter the game reserves and view
different types of animals in their natural habitat. In other words, the game
reserves are opened to the public. Some game reserves organize sightseeing
Safaris for tourists from around the world. This kind of tour is common in
South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria and other countries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Allows controlled hunting </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Some game reserves allow the hunting of some the game in the
reserve. There are people who are interested in hunting as a sport; such people
are allowed into the reserve to engage in their sport as and when the atmosphere allows. Hunting may also be
allowed at certain times of the year and for specific animals, to control their
population and to maintain their ecosystem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Photo 21" height="374" src="https://www.afristay.com/media/thumbnails/pictures/places/28425/DSC_0402.JPG.870x511_q85_crop_upscale.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tava Lingwe Game Lodge, in South Africa</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span><b style="font-size: 12pt;"><i>Accommodation may be provided</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Game lodges have become common in recent times. Some of the game
reserves provide accommodation for visitors who may want to stay for a few days or overnight.
It is a kind of hotel business within a game reserve. This is again common in
South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Mozambique, Botswana, Swaziland, etc. One of the
reasons why people stay overnight is to be able to observe the nocturnal
animals which come out only at night.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>May contain more than one ecosystem</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">An ecosystem refers to how living things such as plants,
animals and organisms in a particular area interact with each other and with other
non-living things that constitute their environments such as the sun, soil,
climate, and the atmosphere in general. A game reserve, therefore, may contain
more than one ecosystem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div>
<b>ALSO READ:</b></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-easy-ways-of-identifying-rainforest.html" target="_blank">Six easy ways of identifying a rain forest</a></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-reasons-which-support-the-creation-and-maintenance-of-tree-plantations.html" target="_blank">Six reasons which support the creation of tree plantations</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/forestry.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics on forestry>></a></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a></div>

How to identify a game reserve, six distinctive features

WHAT IS A GAME RESERVE? Definition A game reserve is usually a large area demarcated for animals in the wild, where they can ...

Home FORESTRY

Posted by Chester Morton / Tuesday, 21 August 2018 / No comments

Six easy ways of identifying a rainforest

<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Nature, Forest, Landscape, At Night" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/03/02/19/21/nature-3194001__340.jpg" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i>Definition of a rain forest</i></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
A rain forest refers to a space of land where the population of trees is very high, having tall and evergreen trees, creating a dense jungle. In a rain forest, there is a high amount of rainfall in a year.  Estimates put the amount of rainfall per year in the region of between 250 and 450 centimetres. In Ghana, the Atiwa forest is one of the rain forests to the South-east of the country.The Atiwa forest is now in danger though, by the illegal activities of gold diggers called galamsey.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A RAIN FOREST</b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>There is a lot of rainfall</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One of the features of a rain forest is that it is
characterized by a lot and heavy rainfall. The location of rain forests is such
that they receive a lot of solar radiation during the day. As a result of this, the
corresponding evaporation is very high. Condensation is also high and the
eventual rainfall is also very heavy. Frequent rainfall is therefore very
typical of rain forests.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>It is evergreen<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As said earlier, rain forests receive a high amount of solar radiation.
This makes a lot of energy available to the leaves for the production of food
which invariably leads to growth. In combination with other supporting factors,
the leaves of the trees in the rain forest are always green. One other way of
identifying a rain forest therefore is by the presence of its evergreen landscape.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Dark and sparse undergrowth<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another unique way of identifying a rain forest is the
darkness found under the huge canopy at the top of the trees. The leaves
prevent enough sunlight from reaching the bottom of the trees. This makes the
floor of the forest unusually dark. Also the forest floor is sparsely grassed
which is also related to the absence of light for the plants there to produce
enough food.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Buttress, Trunk, Fig, Tree, Tropical" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/08/06/03/59/buttress-1573795__340.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Buttress</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Presence of buttresses</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rain forests are characterized by buttresses. English
botanists and now others refer to the flattened extensions of the tree roots as
buttresses. These buttresses act like cables and are able to hold the trees
firm to prevent them from falling to the ground when carried by the wind. The
buttresses serve as a kind of anchor for the trees. The presence of the
buttresses can also be used to identify rain forests.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Huge presence of strangler creepers</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In a rain forest, a common feature is the presence of
strangler creepers. Often, during seed dispersal involving birds, the seeds
drop in the crevices of trees and start to germinate. They then grow downward
to the floor of the forest to hit the soil and at the same time grow upward,
attracted by sunlight. As they grow and envelop the host tree, they seem to be
strangling the tree hence the name “strangler creepers”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Very high presence of fauna</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The last but not least way of identifying a rain forest is the
high number and diverse fauna that can be found there. There are all kinds of
herbivores and carnivores inhabiting rain forests. After the primary producers
have done their job, the other animals and micro-organisms feed on each other
in a constant food chain. The rain forest is also characterized by a lot of
animal activity which continues round the clock. This is because some of the
animals operate during the day while others become active at night, being nocturnal. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Are there other easier ways of identifying a rain forest? Tell
us in the comments section.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. a. What a rain forest?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>b. Highlight six
features that can be used to identify a rain forest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-reasons-which-support-the-creation-and-maintenance-of-tree-plantations.html" target="_blank">Six reasons which support the creation of tree plantations</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-important-roles-forest-reserves-play-in-the-lives-of-citizens.html" target="_blank">The importance of rain forests</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to home Page</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/forestry.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in Forestry>></a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Go to the list of subjects>></a>

Six easy ways of identifying a rainforest

Definition of a rain forest A rain forest refers to a space of land where the population of trees is very high, having tall and e...

Home FORESTRY

Posted by Chester Morton / Monday, 20 August 2018 / No comments

Six reasons which support the creation of tree plantations

<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>TREE PLANATATIONS</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Definition of a tree plantation<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A tree plantation is a plot of land with trees planted on it either by hand or with machine. The size of the land on which the plantation stands may differ from country to country, ranging from a minimum of one acre in the United States up to any limits depending on the availability of land for the project. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It must be noted that if the land was previously a natural
forest before it was destroyed, then the planting of trees there would be
called reforestation. On the other hand if there was no previous natural forest
but the place was just consciously forested then it would be referred to as
afforestation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>THE IMPORTANCE OF TREE PLANTATIONS<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Produces oxygen for man and animals</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One of the reasons why a tree plantation is important is
because it supports human and animal life with oxygen. No human or animal can survive for a
day without oxygen. Artificial oxygen, produced in the laboratory cannot be
easily paid for by humans. Trees produce this expensive gas naturally and make
it available to humanity. As humans brief in oxygen, they brief out carbon
dioxide. This carbon dioxide needs not stay in the atmosphere for too long, it
has to be absorbed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Absorption of carbon dioxide</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As the trees are producing oxygen for human use, they in turn
absorb carbon dioxide. Apart from humans producing carbon dioxide by briefing
it out during respiration, other human activities also shoot carbon dioxide
into the atmosphere. The result of the human activities creates surplus carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere and creates a greenhouse effect. By acting as a
‘carbon sink’, the trees absorb part of the excess carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere. It is estimated that one mature tree can absorb 48 pounds of carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere in a single year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Fuel wood and timber</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tree plantations are also essential because they provide
people with a regular supply of fuel wood to cook their food and sometimes to warm their rooms
and compounds. Especially, tree plantations are set up by commercial interests
to provide raw materials for the timber industry. Timber is needed in the
construction industry and much of the natural rain forest continues to be
depleted so an important alternative is to grow the trees deliberately to provide
the fuel wood and timber in a more sustainable manner.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Conservation of soil</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When leaves from the trees fall to the ground, they decay and
transfer important nutrients which are useful into the soil. The process of
releasing these important nutrients into the soil helps in the conservation of
the soil. In other words, the leaves increase the soil organic matter. In addition, the canopy offered by trees prevent the direct rays of
the sun from heating the ground and evaporating the water that is collected in
the soil. This also helps to conserve the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<o:p style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Orange Tree Orange Grove Plantation Orchar" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/01/02/01/15/orange-tree-1117420__340.jpg" /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Provides fruits for consumption</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fruit bearing trees are important for humans. Some of these
trees provide oranges, apples, avocados, pears and many more. Fruits that are
harvested from these trees are sold in the markets and shops to provide a
source of income for plantation owners. Apart from providing fruits for humans,
birds and other kings of animals get food from the fruits produced by the tree
plantations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Slows down erosion</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When rain falls and gathers, it has to naturally runoff. The
presence of tree plantations slows down the speed at which the water runs. This
way the tree impede the rate at which erosion occurs in many places.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
1. a. What is a tree plantation?<br />
    b. In which six ways are trees important to humanity?<br />
<br />
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/Seven-unique-features-that-distinguish-a-tree-plantation-from-a-natural-rain-forest.html" target="_blank">Seven characteristics of a tree plantation</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/Six-reasons-why-scared-grooves-must-not-be-destroyed-in-the-name-of-modernity.html" target="_blank">Six reasons why sacred grooves must not be destroyed</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/forestry.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in Forestry>></a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a>

Six reasons which support the creation of tree plantations

TREE PLANATATIONS Definition of a tree plantation A tree plantation is a plot of land with trees planted on it either by hand o...

Home FORESTRY

Posted by Chester Morton / Sunday, 19 August 2018 / No comments

Seven unique features that distinguish a tree plantation from a natural rain forest

<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Spring, Nature, Tree, Plant, Apple Tree" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/05/16/19/37/spring-3406856__340.jpg" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Definition of tree plantation</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A tree plantation refers to an area of land that has been
repopulated with tree species, deliberately planted by hand or with machine. In
the United States of America, the minimum land size for a tree plantation is
one acre. The size however varies in other jurisdictions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It must be noted that if the land was previously a natural
forest before it was destroyed, then the planting of trees there would be
called reforestation. On the other hand if there was no previous natural forest
but the place was just consciously forested then it would be referred to as
afforestation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>FEATURES OF A TREE PLANTATION</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Trees planted in straight lines<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One of the striking features of a tree plantation is that the
trees are planted in straight lines and at even distances apart. In whatever
direction one looks at when standing in the plantation, one can see the trees
in one straight line. It makes the plantation a thing of beauty to behold.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Same species of trees are planted<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another important feature of a tree plantation is that the
same tree species are planted on the same piece of land. If it is a pine tree
plantation, only pine trees are cultivated and if it is a rubber plantation
only that species of trees are planted. If you see a wooded area populated by
the same species of trees, it is likely not to be a natural forest; rather it
is more likely to be an artificial forest or a tree plantation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Trees are suitable for industrial application<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One of the primary aims of setting up a tree plantation is to
harvest the wood that is generated for industrial usage. For this reason, the
owner tries to plant only the types of trees that are best suited for
industrial application. In addition, since the plantation is a deliberate
action, the planters have the opportunity to plant fast growing trees and trees that
are tolerant of degraded land. They also choose trees that can produce in large
volumes. Pine and eucalyptus trees are clear examples.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img alt="Trees Forest Woods Thicket Pine Trees Pine" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/02/19/10/08/trees-1209088__340.jpg" /> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Trees are comparatively young<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Compared to natural forests, tree plantations are populated
by trees that are relatively young. One is not likely to see trees that
are up to one hundred and twenty years as in the case of natural rain forests.
Plantation owners are eager to use the trees in the shortest possible time so
the trees grown in tree plantations are likely to grow up to between 10 and 60
years. Some are now even venturing into very fast growing trees that can mature
between five to fifteen years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Trees are not native to the area<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is also significant to note that the trees that are
cultivated on a piece of land may not necessarily be the ones that normally
grow there. The plantation owners decide to plant hybrid trees with their eyes
on pest and drought resistant strains. This decision is also motivated by the
purpose to which the particular tree is going to be applied.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Trees are even-aged<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Also, the trees found in the plantation are of the same age
or almost the same age. This may be because they were all planted around the
same time so naturally they grow together. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Absence of decaying woods<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Finally, it is not like that you will find decaying wood in a
tree plantation. The trees are well tendered and because they are used for the
intended purposes as and when they mature, the trees are ‘harvested’ in time
and none is left to even start decaying. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. a. What is a tree plantation?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>b. Highlight six
characteristics of a tree plantation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/Six-reasons-why-scared-grooves-must-not-be-destroyed-in-the-name-of-modernity.html" target="_blank">Six reasons why sacred grooves must not be destroyed in the name of modernity</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-reasons-why-game-reserve-is-important-to-a-nation.html" target="_blank">The importance of game reserves</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/forestry.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics on forestry>></a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a><br />
<br />

Seven unique features that distinguish a tree plantation from a natural rain forest

Definition of tree plantation A tree plantation refers to an area of land that has been repopulated with tree species, deliberately ...

Home FORESTRY

Posted by Chester Morton / Thursday, 16 August 2018 / No comments

Six reasons why sacred grooves must not be destroyed on grounds of modernity

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Palawan, Water, River, Mangrove Jungle" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/08/14/09/37/palawan-172429__340.jpg" /></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Definition of a sacred groove</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A sacred groove is a space of undisturbed land that has been
protected by local people through the use of religious beliefs, taboos and
other customary practices. In most cases, in West Africa, deities exist and are
worshipped by their adherents in the sacred grooves. Those who follow these
deities believe that they possess the powers to protect them at all times and
deliver them out of danger. There are several sacred grooves in West Africa.
For example, the Osun-Oshogbo Sacred Groove in Nigeria.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SIX FUNCTIONS OF SACRED GROOVES</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Centre for biodiversity conservation<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The sacred grooves are full of different life forms. The
living creatures that live there are diverse, they include biotic and abiotic
types. It is for the presence of this biological diversity that the term biodiversity
was coined. In a sacred groove, there are several species making up the
ecosystem. No matter how small the species is, it has a function to perform.
The shear variety and numbers of species that can be found in the sacred
grooves ensures that all life forms can exist in a sustainable way, feeding on
available food in the groove. Sacred grooves therefore conserve biodiversity
and therefore must not be removed to make way for industrialization.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Conservation of flora<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The over-exploitation of the forests, especially in West Africa,
has resulted in the loss of several hectares of flora. Those in the sacred
grooves however have largely remained untouched because of the protection provided
by the existence of taboos and the enforcement of other traditional values. The
existence of sacred grooves therefore helps the conservation of the trees and
plants. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Conservation of animals<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sacred grooves can serve as a refuge for animals, especially
the endangered species. This is becoming increasingly so because the natural
habitat of most animals are systematically being destroyed through
indiscriminate felling of trees and causing destruction to the remaining
forests. The sacred grooves happen to be some of the last natural forests still
standing almost undisturbed. Their existence therefore can serve as a place
animals can be conserved for posterity. The Tafi-Atome monkey sanctuary, in the
Volta Region of Ghana is a clear example. It is reputed to be providing
protection for four different species of monkeys.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img alt="Forest, Tree, Bach, Watercourse, Wave" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/05/13/06/18/forest-110900__340.jpg" /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Source of clean water</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cleverly, traditional people have created sacred grooves
around the sources of springs and river headwaters. There is little opportunity
to dump refuse in these grooves, mining of mineral resources are prohibited and
even entry is controlled. The absence of or the limited human activity in the
sacred grooves, ensures that the water that flows into the villages is clean. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Serves as a carbon sink<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Human and industrial activities release carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere. This is harmful to the environment and contributes to the
depletion of the ozone layer, causing climate change. The sacred grooves serve
as a reservoir to absorb chemical compounds that contain carbon, through the
process of sequestration. The existence of more sacred grooves therefore has a
co-relationship to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It is
therefore a very good decision not to destroy sacred grooves in the name of
modernity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Promote the sustainable utilization of flora and fauna<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The sustainable utilization of flora and fauna is a
suggestion that the plants and animals in the sacred grooves can be literally
harvested in such a way that it will not damage the ecosystem or pose a threat
to the survival of the plants and animals. In the ancient times, farming and
hunting were prohibited in the sacred grooves but today, the pressures of
modernity and the desire to expand cities to accommodate more people is not
making the enforcement of this practice entirely possible. However, if usage of
the resources in the sacred grooves is controlled, it can promote the
sustainable utilization of the plants and animals there.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. a. What is a sacred groove?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>b. Give six reasons
why sacred grooves should be maintained in an industrialized society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-ways-in-which-forest-in-your-country-impacts-your-life.html" target="_blank">Six ways in which forest impact our lives</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/How-a-secondary-school-course-in-forestry-can-prepare-you-to-save-your-forests.html" target="_blank">How easy it is to become a forester</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/forestry.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in Forestry>></a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a>

Six reasons why sacred grooves must not be destroyed on grounds of modernity

Definition of a sacred groove A sacred groove is a space of undisturbed land that has been protected by local people through the us...

Forrest Gordon Clark arrested for allegedly starting Holy Fire in California – did he live up to his name?

<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><img alt="Forest Fire Wildfire Blaze Smoke Trees Hea" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/04/28/16/10/forest-fire-2268729__340.jpg" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b>By Divine Sewornu Dzokoto</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A few days ago, on 9<sup>th</sup> August, 2018, <a href="http://fortune.com/2018/08/09/holy-fire-california-arrest/" target="_blank">fortune.com</a> reported that Mr. Forrest Gordon Clark was arrested for allegedly starting a
fire that had destroyed 9600 acres of vegetation, burnt down 12 buildings and
caused the evacuation of about 20,000 people. The Orange County Supervisor, Todd Spitzer is reported to have
said, in reference to Forrest Clark, “This is a monster” – reports <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/holy-fire-latest-california-arson-arrest-evacuation-wildfires-a8485581.html" target="_blank">independent.co.uk </a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If the charges being leveled against Forrest are proven to be
true, then in faraway Africa, Mr. Forrest Gordon Clark would have been seen as
an individual who has not lived up to the virtues of his name.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In many African societies, names have very deep meanings.
Some names are related to the circumstances surrounding the birth of the
individual. Others are related to the day of birth, still others are related to
who died just before the child was born or who traveled and was not at home
when the child was born.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mainly, names
are to serve as a form of identity, to legitimize the child that was born and
determine the status of the child in the society, among other reasons. Africans
believe that the names given to their children would positively impact on their life and behaviour throughout their adult life and even
translate into the generation after.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img alt="Fire Fighter, Forest Fire, Wildfire" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/04/28/16/11/fire-fighter-2268732__340.jpg" /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In Swahili, Barrack means ‘blessing’. Parents of such a child
would expect or foresee the child to be a blessing to himself, his community,
the country at large or even the world, as in the case of the 44th President of the United States of America, the former president
Barrack Obama. Yeboah
in the Akan language of Ghana literally means “we help” so a man named Yeboah
is expected to be helpful, be a philanthropist or just a good person. What about
a person called Forrest or maybe Forest? If this was Africa, he would have been expected to be
a protector of the forests, be interested in the conservation of vegetation,
and anything that can save the forests. In fact, fire would have been a taboo
to Forrest for his entire life if he were living in any traditional African setting. The Gods would have decreed that from his childhood. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Having been arrested and charged with the offence of
deliberately starting a fire that has caused such an extensive damage to property
and displacing people, Forrest would be a great disappointment to his immediate
family, his friends and his community if he were living in Africa for the
simple reason that he did not live up to his name, Forrest. Instead of
protecting the forest, he is rather alleged to have destroyed a large chunk of
it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-things-to-look-forward-to-doing-you-become-a-forester.html" target="_blank">Six things to look forward to doing when you become a forester</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-important-roles-forest-reserves-play-in-the-lives-of-citizens.html" target="_blank">The functions of forest reserves in the lives of human beings</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br />
<br />

Forrest Gordon Clark arrested for allegedly starting Holy Fire in California – did he live up to his name?

By Divine Sewornu Dzokoto A few days ago, on 9 th August, 2018, fortune.com reported that Mr. Forrest Gordon Clark was arrested f...

Home FORESTRY

Posted by Chester Morton / Tuesday, 14 August 2018 / No comments

Six reasons why a game reserve is important to a nation

<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>THE FUNCTIONS OF A GAME RESERVE</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Definition</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A game reserve is a place animals can safely live
without being unduly disturbed by poachers, hunters or any other form of intruder. In most cases, a large
expanse of land is dedicated for this purpose. Animals are mostly safe in game
reserves and even if they are hunted at all, it is done in a controlled manner.
Some examples of game reserves include the Kruger National Park, in South
Africa, Kalakpa Game Reserve and Tafi Atome Monkey Village in Ghana, Old Oyo
and Gashaga Kumti National Parks in Nigeria.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>FUNCTIONS OF GAME RESERVES</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>A dedicated place for wildlife conservation<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The depletion of the world’s forests means the natural
habitat of the world’s animals continues to shrink. Apart from this, the
continuous expansion of the limits of the cities of the world and the creation
of slums or shanty towns around the fringes of some cities continue to limit the
space left for animals to thrive. The existence of game reserves therefore
makes it easier for local authorities and individuals to dedicate some space where animals can
be conserved.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Protection of vegetation</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Overpopulation of cities and the expansion of some, eating into
virgin forests threaten the remaining vegetation around many cities. The existence
of game reserves, therefore, helps to combat the threat posed to the
vegetation. Where restriction into the game reserves is strictly enforced, they
can serve as buffer zones to protect the little of the vegetation that is left.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Provision of food and shelter<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Game reserves also serve as a source of food and shelter to
the animals that live there. Wild fruits of various kinds can be obtained from
the reserves. In addition, some roots and tubers are available to be used as
food. The animals can serve as a source of food also to each other as they continue to feed in the food chain. It also serves a shelter for the animals so they can
live in their own natural habitat. The game reserve also serves as a grazing area for the herbivorous animals that inhabit them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img alt="Africa Wildlife Nature Safari Animal Reser" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/03/25/18/22/africa-2174115__340.jpg" /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Income from tourism<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Some game reserves serve as very great tourist destinations.
Many countries have received visitors mainly because of the popularity of their
national game reserves. Kenya is a well visited country for their game reserves
among other reasons. In Ghana, there is a Mole Game Reserve serving as a
tourist destination and earning good money for the locals and the country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Employment</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The pressure from the dangers posed by poachers to animals in
a game reserve, have necessitated the need for their constant protection. For
this reason, guards are employed to provide protection to the animals in the
game reserves of the world. Aside the guards, tour guides who take the visitors
around and give them deep insight into the animals, get employed because of the
existence of the game reserve. There are other administrative staffs that are
important for the smooth operation of game reserves. They also need to be
engaged. So the game reserves are important because they offer employed to the
people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Pleasure of observing the animals<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are people who derive great pleasure in observing the
behaviour of the animals in their natural environment. That pleasure alone is
enough for people to insist that the game reserves must be preserved and even
others created to serve as a source of happiness to people. Many game reserves
offer Safari viewing to visitors and this rich experience gladdens the hearts of
the visitors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. a. What is a game reserve?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>b. Highlight six
ways in which game reserves are important to your country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-important-roles-forest-reserves-play-in-the-lives-of-citizens.html" target="_blank">Six important roles forest reserves play in the lives of citizens</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-things-to-look-forward-to-doing-you-become-a-forester.html" target="_blank">Six functions of a forester</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/forestry.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in Forestry>></a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a>

Six reasons why a game reserve is important to a nation

THE FUNCTIONS OF A GAME RESERVE Definition A game reserve is a place animals can safely live without being unduly disturbed by ...

Home FORESTRY

Posted by Chester Morton / Monday, 13 August 2018 / No comments

Six important roles forest reserves play in the lives of citizens

<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><img alt="Forest Wood Log Nature Brown Tree Roughhou" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/07/06/13/25/forest-1500482__340.jpg" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>THE FUNCTIONS OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FORESTS - FOREST RESERVES</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Definition</b><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A forest reserve refers to a forest that has been accorded a
certain level of protection against unauthorized usage by individuals and
groups of individuals. Such reserves are usually protected under the laws of
the particular country where it is situated. In other words, activities such as
hunting and grazing are strictly prohibited except by express permission from
relevant traditional and or government bodies. Examples of forest reserves
include, Tongass National Forest in Alaska, Coconino National Forest in
Arizona, all in the United States of America. Other examples are the Asubima Forest
Reserve, Draw Diver Forest Reserve, Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve, all in
Ghana. Forest reserves in Nigeria include the Akure Forest Reserve, the Idanre
Forest Reserve, the Oba Hills Forest Reserve and the Okumu Forest Reserve.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>FUNCTIONS OF FOREST RESERVES<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Writing about the functions of the forest reserve, the
functions shall be segregated under three broad areas, the ecological, social
and the economic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>ECOLOGICAL </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Protection of species from extinction<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One of the reasons for the existence of forest reserve is
that it helps to protect animal species from going extinct as a result of
myriads of reasons. For example, in Chad, the black rhino population was wiped
out into extinction through poaching since 1968, about fifty years ago. It is
only now that they are being re-introduced by human intervention with the help
of South Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Maintenance of animal species<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Forest reserves also serve as places where a viable
population of animal species can thrive. In many cases where the natural
habitat of the specific animal is disturbed, some or all of the species have to
migrate to other places to be able to survive. Where they do not find any
suitable alternative habitat, they are likely to die off over time. This contributes to
the extinction process. The existence of the forest reserves helps to maintain
their population, at least, even if they are not able to increase considerably in number.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Forest, Trees, Nature, Landscape, Path" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/07/27/11/19/forest-3565824__340.jpg" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SOCIAL ROLE<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Habouring of sacred sites</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sacred sites are areas that are set aside by traditional
authorities using customary laws. These sites are usually set aside for
religious and social reasons. For example, agricultural activities of any kind, such as hunting and harvesting of wood for fuel are prohibited in these sacred sites. Many
sacred sites in West Africa have deities, worshiped by some of the local
people. The Osun-Oshogbo Sacred Groove, for example, has a deity that is
worshiped by the adherents since 1370.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another phenomenon, albeit a recent one, is the use of forest
reserves as prayer grounds for different faiths. This is so because forest
reserves are much quieter than other places and can enhance the most conducive
environment for longer undisturbed prayer sessions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Reservoir of medicinal plants<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Forest reserves are important because they are rich in plants
used as herbs. Every part of a medicinal plant, such as the leaves, the roots
and the barks are relevant for their therapeutic value. It is estimated that
about 25% active ingredients used by pharmaceutical companies of the world today,
are obtained from the plants in the forests. So far, only 1% of the plant species of the
world have been tested for their medicinal potency. This makes the preservation
of the forest reserves of even more importance. The existence of the forest
reserves, therefore, affords the greatest opportunity for the pharmacological
potency of the rest of the plant species of the world to be tested and developed into potent medicine for the use of the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img alt="Landscape, Field, Nature, Agriculture" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/04/24/14/03/landscape-2256585__340.jpg" /> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>ECONOMIC ROLE</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Revenue from tourism<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Forest reserves serve as important sources of revenue for the
state and are able to stimulate local economies of the places where they are
located. The Iguazu Falls National Park, on the borders between Brazil and
Argentina, for example, plays host to two million tourists each year. All of
these tourists add a few more income to the national coffers of the country.
The aggregate of these is a huge income for the state from tourism. The Osun-Oshogbo
Sacred Groove in Nigeria and the Kakum National Park in Ghana, receives
thousands of visitors annually. This helps to stimulate the local economies of
the people. Any destruction to these forest reserves therefore, results in a
great loss of revenue to the state. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Source of employment<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Forest reserves also serve as important avenues of employment
for both skilled and unskilled labour. The forest reserves need to be protected
from encroachments; this is why forest
guards and rangers are needed to protect the place. The reserves need to be
maintained, hence the need for foresters. Where the reserve serves as a tourist
destination, there is the need to employ people to issue tickets in the absence
of e-ticketing. The Mayan Biosphere Reserve in Guatemala is said to have
provided employment for about 7000 people. So forest reserves create employment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>NOTE: </b>is there a forest reserve where you live? What is the name
of that reserve? What memorable experiences have you had in that forest reserve
as an individual or as a group? You can share these experiences in the comments
section.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. a. What is a forest reserve?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>b. Highlight six
important roles forest reserves paly in your country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/the-interrelationship-between-plants-animals-and-micro-organisms-in-a-forest-environment.html" target="_blank">Exploring the food chain in a forest environment</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-things-to-look-forward-to-doing-you-become-a-forester.html" target="_blank">The functions of a forester</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/forestry.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in Forestry>></a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a>

Six important roles forest reserves play in the lives of citizens

THE FUNCTIONS OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FORESTS - FOREST RESERVES Definition A forest reserve refers to a forest that has been acc...

Home FORESTRY

Posted by Chester Morton / Thursday, 9 August 2018 / No comments

Six things to look forward to doing when you become a forester

<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="A man dressed in a hipster hat standing on a boulder in fall" height="425" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1444374711498-d02625421725?ixlib=rb-0.3.5&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&s=71913f7abfb3cb1dfc2280f78b485662&w=1000&q=80" width="640" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="font-size: 12pt;">THE FUNCTIONS OF A FORESTER</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The need to manage forests have become increasingly necessary
because so much of the world’s forest have been lost through human activities
such the clearing of land for agriculture, the need for pasture to feed
domesticated animals, the felling of trees for fuel wood and for industrial
use. In Nigeria, just about 7% of her original forest cover is available today. It is
feared that Ghana may lose her entire forest cover in the next 10 to 20 years
if the rate of depletion of the forest remains the way it is and nothing is
done about it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Planted forests are becoming the mainstream today as a result
of all the gloomy scenarios that have been painted above. This is where
foresters have become essential in today’s world. A forester is simply an
individual who manages forests in a scientific and professional manner. What then are
the things foresters do?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><b>FUNCTIONS</b></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Ecological restoration</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One of the major functions of a forester is to help restore
land whose ecosystem has been damaged, degraded or completely destroyed. This is
achieved through the combination of human intervention and action. This would
necessarily involve the replanting of trees, the prevention of uncontrolled
felling of trees, preventing fire from sweeping through the forest and
preventing indiscriminate mining in forests. Some are of the view
that ecological restoration must return the degraded land to its original
status before it was destroyed but others are also of the view that once it can
be restored to a functional ecosystem to be useful to society, that should be
enough. The debate is ongoing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img height="425" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1521633603986-cb82a097ffba?ixlib=rb-0.3.5&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&s=c80f5195342687349b3b059f358aea4b&w=1000&q=80" width="640" /> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Timber harvesting</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Timber is needed for use in different ways and for it to reach the market; it must be harvested from the forest. It is one of the
functions of the forester to ensure that timber is harvested in a controlled manner.
Harvesting the timber simply refers to the process whereby the matured trees
are cut and removed to make way for a new crop of trees to grow. This is very much
unlike the indiscriminate felling of trees by illegal operators. Teak tree
plantations, for example, are harvested and used mainly for electricity poles
in Ghana. A forester is able to ascertain which class of trees are matured
enough to be harvested to fetch the maximum returns. His or her role is very crucial here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Choosing sites for new trees</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The way forest areas of the world are being depleted; there
have always been calls for the deforested areas of the world to be repopulated
by trees. Many individuals and countries are making the effort to replace lost
forests through the planting of new trees though these efforts have proved inadequate. The role of the forester is to help
choose the best location for the most result. Several factors determine the
choice of locations. One important factor is the nature of the soil. The nature of the land determines which type of tree can do
better there. If the land slopes, the forester must first check whether it
slopes facing the north or the south as this can determine whether the area has
dryer and warmer conditions or wet and cooler conditions. It is the duty of the forester to help
arrive at these determinations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img height="425" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1494280986787-c49b328829dd?ixlib=rb-0.3.5&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&s=5bbb3826bc22470c3e2f19b15dbd0403&w=1000&q=80" width="640" /> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Development of forest management plans for forest owners</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another function of the forester is to draw a forest management
plan for land owners. The plan must include the objectives to be achieved on the
land. It must also include the specific activities that would be carried out to
achieve those laid down objectives. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
is no fix standard that the forester must follow. Some forest management plans
can be very simply and some can be very elaborate, however, it must include the
objectives for which the forest is being set up, the location of the property
and its history, the resources available for the accomplishment of the goals
set, the schedule of activities to be carried out on the land and other
miscellaneous information. It must also include recommendations from management
whether it is a limited liability entity or an individual owner.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Planning and supervising forestry projects</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Foresters are needed to supervise forest projects of various kinds.
They are even involved from the planning stage, through the implementation stage
to the assessment stage where they try to find out whether the objectives set
out in the plan have been achieved, if not what were the reasons for
non-achievement. Ghana has been receiving grants from her development partners
over the years to undertake one forest project of the other. The German
cooperation organization GTZ and KfW Development Bank from Germany provided DM25.0
million for a project to reduce the degradation of forest resources in the
Volta Region of Ghana. The project sought to protect the last of the natural
forests in the region, to rehabilitate the degraded ones and to promote the establishment
of private woodlots. The project ended in 2008. A project of this nature employed
a lot of foresters and paid comparatively good money for their services.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the United States of America for instance, foresters were
earning $57,140 annually as of May 2012 and the top 10 percent of them earned
over $78,490 annually. This is according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics. The figure is definitely more after six years. A bachelor's degrees
in forestry, agricultural science or environmental
science is relevant. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Advocacy Role</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As a consequence of the different flora and fauna in the
forests and the presence of a variety of animals in the forests, human
habitation has always been part of forests. If the community does not live deep in
the forests, they live, at least, by the fringes. The interests of such people
must not be thrown into the garbage can even if they are a minority. The
forester is bound by the principles of equity to protect and promote the interests of such groups. The forester works in such a way that the social and cultural interests
of the locals are well catered for. He or she must serve a their advocate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Notable foresters of the past</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If you are wondering who was ever successful as a forester
for you to decide to become a forester one day, the following people were
listed by Wikipedia as some of the notable foresters that ever lived. Ralph
Hosmer - 1874 to 1963, Norman Jolly - 1882 to 1954, Charles Lane Poole - 1885
to 1970, and Aldo Leopold - 1887 to 1948. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Do you have an interest in becoming a forester but have some
reservations? Express them in the comments section.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. a. Who is forester?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>b. Highlight six
functions that are performed by foresters.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<div>
<b>ALSO READ:</b></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/the-interrelationship-between-plants-animals-and-micro-organisms-in-a-forest-environment.html" target="_blank">The major components of the forest ecosystem and their functions</a></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-ways-in-which-forest-in-your-country-impacts-your-life.html" target="_blank">The functions of a forest</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/forestry.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in forestry>></a></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Go to list of subjects>></a></div>

Six things to look forward to doing when you become a forester

THE FUNCTIONS OF A FORESTER Introduction The need to manage forests have become increasingly necessary because so much of the worl...

Home FORESTRY

Posted by Chester Morton / Wednesday, 8 August 2018 / No comments

The interrelationship between plants, animals and micro-organisms in a forest environment

<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><img alt="Avenue, Trees, Away, Walk, Green, Nature" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/04/09/09/56/avenue-2215317__340.jpg" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>THE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE FOREST ECOSYSTEM AND THEIR FUNCTIONS</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When one talks about forest ecosystems, one is just referring to
how the plants, animals and micro-organisms in a forest environment relate to
the non-living factors that exist in the same environment. The scientific
study of this relationship between the living and the non-living aspects of the
forest is what is referred to as forest ecology.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>COMPONENTS OF THE FOREST ECOSYSTEM</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Biotic and abiotic elements of the forest</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In a forest environment, one must definitely see trees, lots
of them. These trees, among other things, protect the surface of the earth from
the direct rays of the Sun and also slow down the speed with which raindrops
hit the floor of the forest. Animals also form part of the forest. It must be
noted that the kinds of plants and animals that inhabit a particular forest
environment is determined by the kinds of trees, animals and micro-organisms
that exist there.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are two major components of the forest ecosystem. These
are the abiotic and the biotic components. The abiotic components comprise such
things as the soil, the moisture, the air and Sunlight. The biotic components
on the other hand comprise the green plants within the forest environment. It
also includes the decomposers and the transformers such as bacteria and fungi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>BREAKDOWN OF THE BIOTIC COMPONENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Producers</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The producers are the green plants of the forest. These
plants use energy they obtain from the Sun to manufacture their own food which
is what they live on, a process that is technically called photosynthesis. Some
categories of the forest animals use these green plants as their major source of food. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The green plants are in different layers. Some of the layers receive
so much Sunlight to produce their food while other layers receive much less. There
is an upper layer, a middle layer, the lower layer, the shrub layer and the herb
and ground layer. The upper and the lower layers both produce food with
Sunlight but the difference is that the upper layers use more Sunlight than the
lower layers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="font-size: 12pt;"><i>Consumers - herbivores</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The next category of the biotic components is the consumers.
There are various kinds of consumers too. These can be described as primary and
secondary consumers. There are some kinds of animals that consume the green
plants or the producers. They are the first level of consumers. One can mention
animals like rabbits, grass-cutters, goats and sheep, and any grass-eating
animal one can imagine. These primary consumers are referred to as herbivores.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img alt="Lion, Predator, Mane, Big Cat, Yawn" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/04/13/21/24/lion-3317670__340.jpg" /> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Consumers – carnivores</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The second level of consumers is those that feed on the
primary consumers. In other words, after the primary consumers have eaten grass
and are matured, they serve as food to animals like wolves, lions, tigers, hyenas
and many other flesh-eating animals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img alt="Yellow Mite, Macro, Lorryia Formosa" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/07/16/16/15/yellow-mite-847873__340.jpg" /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Consumers - decomposers and transformers<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">After a while, some of the producers and the consumers die.
When they do, the decomposers and the transformers recycle them to be returned
into the soil. The decomposers and the transformers mainly free the elements
contained in the dead plants and animals so that they can be returned to the
soil. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This category of consumers lives on the floor of the forest.
Examples include fungi and bacteria, collectively called micro-organisms. They
go into motion after the producers and the consumers die. The bodies of the
dead animals and plants are literally eaten by the decomposers and
transformers. This happens in two stages; first the decomposers convert the
complex organic materials into simple organic compounds. Then second, the transformers
convert the simple organic compounds into simple inorganic forms. After these,
the freed elements are returned to the abiotic form to be utilized again by the
producers and the consumers. Thus the cycle continues. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Conclusion</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">From the above discussion one can see the interrelationship that
exists among the various players in the forests. The cycle has been going on
since the beginning of known history and shall continue till infinity. When you
see a decomposed animal in a forest near you, you will definitely remember the
active players at work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/How-a-secondary-school-course-in-forestry-can-prepare-you-to-save-your-forests.html" target="_blank">How a secondary school course in forestry can prepare you to save your forest</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/six-ways-in-which-forest-in-your-country-impacts-your-life.html" target="_blank">Six ways in which the forests in your country impacts your life</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/forestry.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in forestry>></a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Go to list of subjects>></a>

The interrelationship between plants, animals and micro-organisms in a forest environment

THE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE FOREST ECOSYSTEM AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Introduction When one talks about forest ecosystems, one is just re...

Home FORESTRY

Posted by Chester Morton / Tuesday, 7 August 2018 / No comments

Six ways in which the forest in your country impacts your life

<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="Forest, Trees, Woods, Beams, Landscape" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/08/16/19/09/forest-1598756__340.jpg" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="font-size: 16px;">THE IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS TO YOU AND YOUR COUNTRY</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To any ordinary person, a forest can be any
large area that is covered by trees and bushes. In the candid opinion of the
Food and Agricultural Organization, however, for a tree to qualify as such, it must meet
some set criteria. Firstly, it must cover an area of more than 0.5 hectares,
secondly, the percentage of the surface under the tree canopy must be more than
10%, and thirdly, the trees must be able to reach a height of 5 meters when matured.
Apart from these criteria, even an established plantations for forest purposes
or a young natural stand forest which is yet to hit a canopy cover of 10% or tree
height of 5 meters is also considered as a forest. For the FAO, even where an
area of the forest is currently not having trees as a result of human activity
or caused by natural occurrences, but it is expected that these areas would
regain their natural greenery, such areas must also be considered as forests.
The FAO does not consider land that is being used for agricultural purposes as
forests.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One can see from the above discussion that for a forest to be
called a forest, there are several implications, such as, the density of the
trees, the height of the trees and the purpose to which the area is being
committed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This being so, a forest can be defined as a large area of
land with a crown cover of more than 10% with trees growing up to 5 meters, even
if the trees are yet to reach the required height of 5 meters.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img alt="Nature, Forest, Sun, Moss, Rays, Green" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/04/06/00/25/nature-3294681__340.jpg" /> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>THE IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS TO YOU AND YOUR COUNTRY</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Habitat for animals<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The forests are important to humanity because they serve as a
habitat for animals of different species. It gives the animals the opportunity
to remain in the natural environment that was given to them by Mother Nature.
There, they are able to live longer and to constantly replenish their stock
through reproduction. It is because this has not always been so that some of
the world’s animal species have vanished from the surface of the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Livelihood for humans<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Forests are important because they help the human race to
sustain its life. It is a source of food for the human race; it also helps them
to provide shelter for themselves. In this sense, wood from the forest provides
timber which is used in building houses. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Provision of fuel wood<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When man discovered fire, his eating pattern changed
completely. In order to provide fire as and when it is needed, man needs to
have a source of fuel. That is where fuel wood comes in. This fuel is obtained
from the forests. The fuel wood is also needed to provide warmth in colder
regions of the world but in West Africa, where the temperature is comparatively
not cold, the fire may only necessary for cooking and on cold nights.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Provision of employment<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The forests serve as a source of employment for the entire
world. It is estimated that about 13 million people across the world are
employed, thanks to the existence of forests. In West Africa, the production of
charcoal and its distribution is a source of employment for a large population
of the citizens.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img alt="Redwood National Park, California" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/08/11/23/55/redwood-national-park-1587301__340.jpg" /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Prevent outbreak of diseases</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The existence of forests is one way in which the outbreak of
dangerous communicable diseases can be prevented. The reason is that the
forests provide a natural habitat for the various species of animals. When
their natural habitat is disturbed therefore, they must have to move away to
find food to survive. It might so happen that when they move away from their
natural habitat, they may be moving toward human settlements. Any disease they
may be carrying is then transferred inadvertently to humans. It is now believed
that the Ebola virus was carried by fruit-eating bats which moved into human
settlements in West Africa when their habitat was tampered with and infected humans to cause the Ebola epidemic in 2015.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Pharmaceutical importance</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The forests are important because they serve as the basis of
the wide range of medicines available in the world today. It is estimated that,
about 25% of the active ingredients used by pharmaceutical companies of the
world are obtained from tropical rain forests. The final products of these
companies are used to treat many different diseases. It is worrying therefore,
to know that only about 1% of the plants in the forests have been tested for
their medicinal efficacy. If the forests are destroyed, then human-kind loses
the opportunity to find cures for the many other diseases that have no cures
today.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Note: If forests in general have affected or assisted you in way, share your experience with the world in the comments section.</b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. a. What a forest?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">    b. Highlight six ways in which forests are important to the human race.</span></div>
<br /><br />
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/08/How-a-secondary-school-course-in-forestry-can-prepare-you-to-save-your-forests.html" target="_blank">How a secondary school course in forestry can prepare you to save your forests</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/forestry.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in forestry>></a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Go to list of subjects>></a>

Six ways in which the forest in your country impacts your life

THE IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS TO YOU AND YOUR COUNTRY Introduction To any ordinary person, a forest can be any large area that is covere...

Forestry

Virtual Kollage

Posted by Chester Morton / Thursday, 23 August 2018 / No comments

One year after the Sierra Leone mudslides – could another be lurking in the horizon?

How to identify a game reserve, six distinctive features

Posted by Chester Morton / Tuesday, 21 August 2018 / No comments

Six easy ways of identifying a rainforest

Posted by Chester Morton / Monday, 20 August 2018 / No comments

Six reasons which support the creation of tree plantations

Posted by Chester Morton / Sunday, 19 August 2018 / No comments

Seven unique features that distinguish a tree plantation from a natural rain forest

Posted by Chester Morton / Thursday, 16 August 2018 / No comments

Six reasons why sacred grooves must not be destroyed on grounds of modernity

Forrest Gordon Clark arrested for allegedly starting Holy Fire in California – did he live up to his name?

Posted by Chester Morton / Tuesday, 14 August 2018 / No comments

Six reasons why a game reserve is important to a nation

Posted by Chester Morton / Monday, 13 August 2018 / No comments

Six important roles forest reserves play in the lives of citizens

Posted by Chester Morton / Thursday, 9 August 2018 / No comments

Six things to look forward to doing when you become a forester

Posted by Chester Morton / Wednesday, 8 August 2018 / No comments

The interrelationship between plants, animals and micro-organisms in a forest environment

Posted by Chester Morton / Tuesday, 7 August 2018 / No comments

Six ways in which the forest in your country impacts your life

Latest Posts

Labels

Recent Posts

Popular This Week

Contact Form