tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-83519133076578428982024-03-27T23:29:52.514-07:00Virtual KollageA West African Secondary School Study EnclaveChester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comBlogger843125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-551114867550713452023-10-25T18:45:00.000-07:002023-10-25T18:45:10.818-07:00Exploring the Afro-House Genre of Music<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGdSxXERW4VaJvVXyibfZb6_It4zsIM3Epqapg1AfharL6k0fa6S_MpCVkRew0hMU53GAcEQqTKM2f8dgHBBK-uphfc-YdjeTg5gABCO3TjduipsuxqCTVuTx6Q5AvYIzZFicxiTkmdSLO1nWUWhN41h3PGhXRaWP50NloATwV-6IhYtKEkGNUdTBLtVSn/s981/Lukeman%20photo.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="981" data-original-width="981" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGdSxXERW4VaJvVXyibfZb6_It4zsIM3Epqapg1AfharL6k0fa6S_MpCVkRew0hMU53GAcEQqTKM2f8dgHBBK-uphfc-YdjeTg5gABCO3TjduipsuxqCTVuTx6Q5AvYIzZFicxiTkmdSLO1nWUWhN41h3PGhXRaWP50NloATwV-6IhYtKEkGNUdTBLtVSn/s320/Lukeman%20photo.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Exploring the Afro-House Genre of Music<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">In the plethora of musical genres that have inundated our
world today, few have the power to transport us to distant lands and immerse us
in vibrant cultural experiences like Afro-house. This genre was born from the
heart of Africa and brewed in a global pot of sounds. It pulses with rhythm,
celebrates community, and ignites dance floors around the world. In this blog,
we will carry you along on a journey to uncover the magic of Afro-house music and
look at how an unknown young man, is preparing to take Africa and the world in
the not-too-distant future, using Afro-house and combining it with other genres.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Origins and Cultural Roots<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Afro-house is a dynamic fusion of African rhythms,
traditional instruments, and electronic beats. It draws inspiration from
various traditional African music styles, such as Kwaito, Gqom, and Soukous,
and seamlessly marries them with contemporary electronic dance music elements.
This genre serves as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Africa but
also embraces the modern influences that connect people globally.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Rhythmic Resonance</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">At the heart of the Afro-house lies its distinctive rhythm.
Characterized by infectious percussion and syncopated beats, Afro-house
possesses an innate ability to compel even the most reserved individuals to
move their bodies. The rhythm is often layered with intricate patterns,
creating an immersive auditory experience that transports listeners to the
bustling streets of an African metropolis or the heart of a vibrant
celebration.</span><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi43xyEJod-KB-mB8TEOx0p9g2iKlEnWsoI00C4142oteTQ28jIYHdpyy1VquSmMM53oihA8wqYvez97R6YoDEbswGtADLXkpI9P7kpRHyWUdtfTT6kIDypCZiuCif1Lq1qYC5xK3chVkCNaeDsWTSYvPEQXxq6q7zfuvHx1c3tZECfMuUrFzgsc8jwCmOG/s737/Lukeman%202.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="737" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi43xyEJod-KB-mB8TEOx0p9g2iKlEnWsoI00C4142oteTQ28jIYHdpyy1VquSmMM53oihA8wqYvez97R6YoDEbswGtADLXkpI9P7kpRHyWUdtfTT6kIDypCZiuCif1Lq1qYC5xK3chVkCNaeDsWTSYvPEQXxq6q7zfuvHx1c3tZECfMuUrFzgsc8jwCmOG/s320/Lukeman%202.jpeg" width="313" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Soulful Melodies</i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Beyond its rhythmic prowess, Afro-house is renowned for its
soulful melodies. Traditional African vocal techniques, such as
call-and-response, are often integrated into the genre, adding a human touch
that resonates deeply with listeners. These melodies, sometimes delivered in
native languages, tell stories of love, joy, and social issues, forging a
connection between the music and its cultural origins.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Global Influence and Evolution</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">As the world becomes more interconnected, so does the world
of music. Afro-house has not only remained a beloved genre within Africa but
has also spread its wings to become a global sensation. Producers and DJs from
various corners of the world have embraced Afro-house, infusing it with their
unique perspectives and styles. This fusion has resulted in captivating
collaborations that further enrich the genre's tapestry.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Community and Dance Culture</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Afro-house isn't just music; it's a movement. It has the
power to bring people together, transcending borders and languages. In many
African countries, dance is a form of expression and communication, and
Afro-house embodies this spirit. Dance styles like the Gwara Gwara and the
Shaku Shaku have become iconic, uniting dance enthusiasts from different
cultures in a shared love for movement and rhythm.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Notable Artists and Tracks</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">No exploration of the Afro-house would be complete without
acknowledging the artists who have helped shape its trajectory. From South
African pioneers like Black Coffee and Culoe De Song to Nigerian sensation
Niniola, the genre is teeming with talent that has captured the hearts of
millions. Tracks like "We Dance Again," "Maradona," and
"Skeleton Move" have become anthems that define the essence of
Afro-house.</span><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6LFaak3598EOqlDJE4SZML3dsODwymOCrsX8EgLB-5I5R-V-RRKa8BxaObJ7_XCyuYEw4-kqugj07q-NFtBaW-S-QEOoByMyZHrYGRYa6C5tI1VQdtkKXKfx7z3fOuTM6wuqmdWMEz_ZuZEegCiOLySGB5XcoTKj2M5PqFaskUXsoYO6PlgWLaGgipDQq/s720/Lukeman%203.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6LFaak3598EOqlDJE4SZML3dsODwymOCrsX8EgLB-5I5R-V-RRKa8BxaObJ7_XCyuYEw4-kqugj07q-NFtBaW-S-QEOoByMyZHrYGRYa6C5tI1VQdtkKXKfx7z3fOuTM6wuqmdWMEz_ZuZEegCiOLySGB5XcoTKj2M5PqFaskUXsoYO6PlgWLaGgipDQq/s320/Lukeman%203.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>A possible new entrant to the Afro-house scene</i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Known simply as City Monstar (as in morning star) as his
craft name, Lukeman Raji was born on 10 July 1986 to a Ghanaian-born Nigerian
father called Ibrahim Raji and a Ghanaian mother called Sidikatu Salami. He
comes from Ho in the Volta Region of Ghana. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: medium;">He attended
Kpando Senior High School between 2000 and 2003. In 2006, he started producing
his own bits. Those were the days when Dance Hall music was in vogue.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: medium;">From around
2015, he started toying with Afro-house music, under the label City Monster, as
in Morning Star. He has, over the years tried to infuse other elements into Afro-House
to get a blend of his own but still remained within the genre. The main type of
music that has influenced him is hip-hop. He grew up listening to 50 Cent,
Lloyd Banks Nelly, and a little bit of DMX Cisco. His music is a blend of almost
all of the genres he loved when he was growing up.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: medium;">City
Monstar currently has 18 songs that are yet to be released. He is poised to
storm Africa and the world with his music and bring joy to the hearts of his
listeners.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Conclusion</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">In a world where music is a universal language, Afro-house
stands as a testament to the vibrant diversity of cultures and sounds that
inhabit our planet. Its infectious rhythms, soul-stirring melodies, and
dance-inducing beats serve as a bridge between tradition and innovation,
fostering a global community that celebrates unity through movement. Whether
you're grooving to it on a dance floor in Johannesburg, tapping your feet to it
in a bar in Accra, or immersing yourself in its enchanting melodies halfway across
the world, Afro-house invites us all to embrace the beauty of cultural fusion
and the power of rhythm.</span><o:p></o:p></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-5762866900094063292023-08-19T22:40:00.005-07:002023-08-19T22:59:17.054-07:00Let's navigate the regulatory sector: unveiling the functions of regulatory agencies<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjik84KgJUFH43K-sSa7rZ7QUFG6rndhQJI7jUbO6Qqav13id_74YGeSnE3mmZn50bWgM-YyUDez4UPGBj1Nsb3hwidV78QYRbh4-oeS8LowgS4s9_W-3TcBM3BHM6AECQKkofyZu-Oo282vsp9Ts9BuiErUqt0L8rtqhBs2_XOg_aIncIDRVN5h-S9b46a/s290/Add%20a%20title.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="290" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjik84KgJUFH43K-sSa7rZ7QUFG6rndhQJI7jUbO6Qqav13id_74YGeSnE3mmZn50bWgM-YyUDez4UPGBj1Nsb3hwidV78QYRbh4-oeS8LowgS4s9_W-3TcBM3BHM6AECQKkofyZu-Oo282vsp9Ts9BuiErUqt0L8rtqhBs2_XOg_aIncIDRVN5h-S9b46a/s1600/Add%20a%20title.gif" width="290" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Navigating
the Regulatory Sector: Unveiling the Functions of Regulatory Agencies</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Introduction</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
the 21st-century governance environment, regulatory agencies play vital
roles in safeguarding the interests of the public. They maintain order and foster
economic stability. These bodies are important in shaping industries,
protecting consumers, and ensuring a just and equitable society. As such, they
serve as the engines that drive the implementation and enforcement of laws and
regulations. Regulatory agencies are organizations established to
oversee and enforce laws, regulations, and standards within specific industries
or sectors. They may be governmental or non-governmental.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>The
functions of regulatory bodies</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>The
making of rules</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">One
of the functions of regulatory agencies is to create and develop rules,
regulations, and standards that govern various aspects of their respective
industries. The rules, regulations, and standards promote public safety, ensure fair competition, protect consumers, and maintain
industry integrity.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>The
enforcement of rules</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
function of regulatory agencies is to monitor compliance with their rules and
regulations. It is said that people do what is inspected and not what is expected.
Rules and regulations may exist but it does not necessarily mean
people will abide by them. Once the rules, and regulations are established, the
agencies must monitor and ensure that people comply with the rules and
regulations. Regulatory agencies have the authority to investigate violations
and conduct inspections. If any of the rules and regulations are found to have
been infracted by individuals or organizations, the appropriate penalties or
sanctions are imposed on such.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Giving
out licenses and Permits</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Again,
regulatory bodies exist to give licenses and permits. Vehicle licensing
authorities in various countries issue driver’s licenses to qualified drivers.
They register new vehicles and change ownership from one to a new one. They
issue road-worthy certificates to vehicle owners to indicate that their
vehicles are in good condition to ply the roads. In Ghana, the Vehicles and
Licensing Authority is the body tasked to regulate the issuance of licenses and
road-worthy certificates. The Federal Roads Safety Commission does the same in
Nigeria and the U.S., Many regulatory agencies issue licenses, permits, or
certifications to individuals or businesses that meet specific criteria. These
licenses often demonstrate a certain level of expertise or compliance with
industry standards. In Britain, the same function is performed by the Driver
& Vehicle Licensing Authority.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Consumer
Protection</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Regulatory
agencies to protect consumers. They prevent unscrupulous producers from flooding
the markets with unsafe products. They set safety standards below which no
individual or organization must operate. If they suspect any foul play, the agencies may investigate any misconduct by an individual or
organization. If a consumer(s) complains about a product or service, they
ensure that the complaint is investigated and any wrongdoing addressed or
punished. The Office of Fair Trading is the United Kingdom’s official consumer and competition watchdog. They ensure that the
market works well for consumers. In Ghana, the Ghana Standards Authority ensures that goods produced for consumption
and export are of the highest quality. In Nigeria, the Federal Competition
& Consumer Protection Commission. Its task is to protect market competition
and promote consumer protection.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Telecommunications
and Media</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">With
the proliferation of media houses, mobile telephony, and the internet, the telecom sectors need to be regulated. Regulatory agencies in these
sectors oversee broadcast standards, spectrum allocation, and competition to
ensure fair access, quality, and diversity of media and communication services.
The National Communications Authority in Ghana, the Nigerian Communication
Commission in Nigeria, and the Federal Communication Commission in the United
States of America, to mention just a few, are responsible for regulating the
telecommunications sector in their respective countries.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Others</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Other areas regulated by regulatory agencies include Public
Health and Safety, Labor Standards, Transportation Regulation, Environmental
Protection, and Financial Regulation.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Aller, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Conclusion</b></i><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Aller",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">From
all the discussions above, it is abundantly clear that the influence of
regulatory agencies is encompassing. It touches every aspect of people's lives, in some cases, in very subtle ways. Regulatory agencies must balance the need for innovation and protection, though not
without challenges. While they may not always be perfect, their mission is
unwavering, and their dedication to the greater good is commendable. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://virtualkollage.blogspot.com/p/social-studies_29.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Go to other topics in Social Studies</span></a><br /></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-78760522486535611822023-06-11T21:46:00.002-07:002023-08-19T22:33:57.506-07:00In what ways are the characteristics of West African Traditional Religion (WATR) different from those of Christianity or Islam?<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: large; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd1pYmWxoz8Monbb2tug9TkzXFRyO4djgl6kDHWHsd6hJQjxmUvHDwXEoXC9sDB6VdmDx5IiBp7ETA8aN29knKlM5ZqI-TjY27QdfChPDMWok0geNy8VBekTD9FHQyfYz6nuIMw5EMehFl-mYZw8oSHFGqsqpCUd_AV9oObgjtw6LnW9iEg8eIy4-Yeg/s290/West%20African%20Traditional%20Religion.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="290" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd1pYmWxoz8Monbb2tug9TkzXFRyO4djgl6kDHWHsd6hJQjxmUvHDwXEoXC9sDB6VdmDx5IiBp7ETA8aN29knKlM5ZqI-TjY27QdfChPDMWok0geNy8VBekTD9FHQyfYz6nuIMw5EMehFl-mYZw8oSHFGqsqpCUd_AV9oObgjtw6LnW9iEg8eIy4-Yeg/s1600/West%20African%20Traditional%20Religion.gif" width="290" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>In what
ways are the characteristics of West African Traditional Religion (WATR) different
from those of Christianity or Islam?</b></span></span></div><p></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Religion is
an integral part of human life, with different beliefs and practices found in
different parts of the world. West African Traditional Religion is one such
belief system that has been practiced for thousands of years. Christianity and
Islam are other major world religions that have had a major influence in the West
African region. In this article, we will be exploring the characteristics that
differentiate West African Traditional Religion from Christianity and Islam. By
doing so, we will gain insight into the unique features of each religion, and
how they have been shaped by the diverse culture and environment of West
Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Christianity
is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. It
is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion adherents, or followers,
throughout the world. Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the
savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Old
Testament of the Bible.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Islam is a
monotheistic Abrahamic religion that is based on the teachings of the Islamic
holy book, the Qur'an. The core beliefs of Islam include the belief in Allah as the
one and only deity, the belief in Muhammad as Allah's final prophet, the belief
in the five Pillars of Islam (profession of faith, prayer, fasting, almsgiving,
and pilgrimage), and the belief in the Day of Judgment. Muslims practice their
faith through rituals such as prayer, fasting during the holy month of Ramadan,
and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">West African
Traditional Religion is a set of beliefs and practices rooted in the indigenous
spiritual and cultural traditions of West African societies, particularly those
located in modern-day Nigeria, Ghana, and the Ivory Coast. These beliefs and
practices include ancestor worship, divination and healing rituals, and a
belief in an all-encompassing divine energy often referred to as
"God" or "the Supreme Being". These beliefs and practices
are still widely practiced today among many West African communities.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>CHARACTERISTIC
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION, CHRISTIANITY, AND ISLAM</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>West African
Traditional Religion is a non-theistic spiritual practice</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">One of the
ways in which West African Traditional Religion differs from Christianity or
Islam is that the in the former, the adherents believe in a plethora of gods.
West Africans believe there is a Supreme Being, the ultimate, but aside from that,
there are other lesser gods that work in collaboration with the Supreme Being.
These lesser gods are worshipped as individual deities but they recognize the
supremacy of the Supreme Being. In Christianity and Islam on the other hand,
there is the belief in the existence of one God. In the absence of God, the
Almighty, there are no other god.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsiobWnT_nwwlsN-a6yvPbofdDGTLJP3yb8mYOmoNWqqzFEFQqKl17K28vvLUmnwno8la2-_HfizXZxHZppCd5YRkWA6eXT3lumyAMvO43sar_o6iWelybHSw5SGnl2DDFNT_9KJDIARHjB_05Ehjlb82R2lkXgNZFxSszDzbZiOAvBsuM9lPmQMYXMQ/s290/point%201.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="290" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsiobWnT_nwwlsN-a6yvPbofdDGTLJP3yb8mYOmoNWqqzFEFQqKl17K28vvLUmnwno8la2-_HfizXZxHZppCd5YRkWA6eXT3lumyAMvO43sar_o6iWelybHSw5SGnl2DDFNT_9KJDIARHjB_05Ehjlb82R2lkXgNZFxSszDzbZiOAvBsuM9lPmQMYXMQ/s1600/point%201.png" width="290" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><i style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>West African
Traditional Religion emphasizes an individual’s personal relationship with the
divine</b></i></div><p></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
characteristic that stands out when one compares West African Traditional
Religion to Christianity and Islam is that West African Traditional Religion
is based on how a man relates directly with his maker, he connects himself to
his object of worship in a spiritually direct manner. In other words, it is
based on the personal conviction of the person in question. In Christianity and
Islam, the connection is more communal in nature. The Christians congregate in
church while the Muslims congregate in the mosque. This does not mean
Christians and Muslims do not have their personal relationships with God or
Allah, just that communal worship is also emphasized in addition to the
individual relationship with God.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>West African
Traditional Religion does not have a specific set of doctrines or beliefs<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Again,
followers of West African Traditional Religion do not have any centralized
rules that members are expected to adhere to across the region as in the case
of Christianity and Islam where all their followers are called upon to abide by
a set of commandments. In Islam, every Muslim is required to pray five times a
day. They are required to visit Mecca, at least, once in their lifetime. Give
alms. In Christianity, going to church on Sundays is encouraged. These are not
the case in West African Traditional Religion. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>West African
Traditional Religion does not have a central authority or hierarchy<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Also, in West
African Traditional Religion, there is no one leadership structure for the
entire West Africa, overseeing the religion. There is no, for example, like
having the Chief Priest domiciled in Lagos, Cotonou, or Nogokpo with an
administrative structure at a secretariat. In Christianity, there is a whole
hierarchy of leadership, with an administrative structure. The administration
is centralized and doctrines developed and handed down the ladder for
implementation. The Catholic Church, for example, has the Pope based in Rome
and served as the leader of the global Catholic church. In Islam, there is also
centralization of authority. In a country, for example, the highest point of
authority is the Chief Imam and his voice counts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg958g8Kj1EESxz_3Oi2LRqVVYcngc_qh16pgNZoZF8PslyFwlcE8wurshYlqiEFTSTHPm09olPj07CVxbs_F4_kDoCKT33cB3CpMHfPVhiKHS_rjyv2OPM5bPsvh-JY0qoeX-ws5V2XjAk1YJoS9wC9zS4-xPh5OV9jR_CmeLKtQxqNhMi8F1bivwaCw/s290/WATR.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="290" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg958g8Kj1EESxz_3Oi2LRqVVYcngc_qh16pgNZoZF8PslyFwlcE8wurshYlqiEFTSTHPm09olPj07CVxbs_F4_kDoCKT33cB3CpMHfPVhiKHS_rjyv2OPM5bPsvh-JY0qoeX-ws5V2XjAk1YJoS9wC9zS4-xPh5OV9jR_CmeLKtQxqNhMi8F1bivwaCw/s1600/WATR.png" width="290" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i>West African
Traditional Religion does not have elaborate ceremonies associated with it</i></b></div><p></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Be aware
that West African Traditional Religion is a spiritual philosophy founded on the
idea that the natural world, the supernatural, and the ancestors all possess
power. It is unrelated to any specific rituals or ceremonies in acknowledgment of the fact that numerous cultures and people in the area practice religion in
a variety of ways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, it focuses
on developing personal connections with the gods and ancestors as well as learning
about and keeping a healthy relationship with Mother Nature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Respect for divinity, awe for the
ancestors, and preservation of peaceful relationships with the environment are
the three guiding principles of West African traditional religion. Every
society and group has a special way of attaining this. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>West African
Traditional Religion does not have any organized clergy</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">The last,
but not least way in which West African Traditional Religion is different in
character from Christianity and Islam is that there is no organized clergy.
There are no formal schools or seminaries and so on to attend before one can
become a priest of a deity. The clergy is not organized the way it is organized
in Christianity or Islam. s<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Conclusion</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Overall, it
is clear that there are significant differences between West African
Traditional religion and Christianity or Islam. West African Traditional
religion has its own unique set of beliefs and practices, while Christianity
and Islam have their own distinct rituals and customs. While the three
religions may share some similarities, they offer different ways of expressing
faith and have different approaches to life and death. Ultimately, the
differences between West African Traditional religion and Christianity or Islam
provide a fascinating insight into how different cultures approach and express
faith.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Also Read:</b></span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/06/the-relationship-between-the-supreme-being-and-the-divinities-in-west-african-traditional-religion-in-ghana-and-nigeria.html" target="_blank">In what ways are the divinities related to the Supreme Being?</a><br /></span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/06/what-are-the-relationships-between-west-african-traditional-religion-and-tourisn-in-ghana-nigeria-sierra-leone-liberia-south-africa.html" target="_blank">What are the relationships between West African Traditional Religion and tourism?</a><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Go to the list of other subjects>></span></a></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/the-study-of-west-african-traditional.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Go to other topics in West African Traditional Religion>></span></a><br /></span></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-60436254399609702572023-06-05T12:08:00.005-07:002023-06-08T12:14:43.857-07:00In what ways are the divinities related to the Supreme Being in West African Traditional Religion?<p><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheLFJabowrlPnvQJF_USJ5wZrBwqBLOagUv1k1i6ZG3jMLEnrKyRiyri4sP9ND7B_iWeCzF_KAtS2_yM75EeunwJZKIE7XH5_SlxAq1XSPcqbRlDWo-GqNQc-rbQskpMLwI13FQZddMFCiH0jxYkMFoZT1NE3gAnUYDxgO7_eScC1xgiuuqxx_bdHGtQ/s290/West%20African%20Traditional%20Religion.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="290" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheLFJabowrlPnvQJF_USJ5wZrBwqBLOagUv1k1i6ZG3jMLEnrKyRiyri4sP9ND7B_iWeCzF_KAtS2_yM75EeunwJZKIE7XH5_SlxAq1XSPcqbRlDWo-GqNQc-rbQskpMLwI13FQZddMFCiH0jxYkMFoZT1NE3gAnUYDxgO7_eScC1xgiuuqxx_bdHGtQ/s1600/West%20African%20Traditional%20Religion.png" width="290" /></a></span></div><p style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><b><br /></b></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><b>IN WHAT WAYS ARE THE DIVINITIES RELATED TO THE SUPREME BEING
IN WEST AFRICA TRADITIONAL RELIGION?</b></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Introduction<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">The term Supreme Being is usually used in reference to deity
or gods. This is common in monotheistic (one God) religions. One example of such
is Christianity. In West African Traditional Religion too, there is a
recognition of the Supreme Being though the religion is polytheistic (many
gods). In this case, they recognize that there is a Supreme Being and addition,
other divinities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">A divinity seen as a supernatural entity. It is a god or
goddess. People worship them. It is believed that they have spiritual power and
are able to influence the life the living, at least, some aspects of it. They
are knowledgeable and creative. What is the relationship between the divinities
and the Supreme Being?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
relationship between the supreme Being and divinities has been a subject of
discussion, among both scholars and non-scholars, for many years. It is the
intention of this article various ways in which divinities are related to
Supreme Being in West African Traditional Religion. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">In West African Traditional Religion, the divinities are
related to the Supreme Being in a variety of ways. The Supreme Being is
believed to be the creator of the universe and all its creatures<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>The divinities are seen as intermediaries between the
Supreme Being and humanity. </b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">In West African Traditional Religion, God is the Supreme
Being and therefore humans are unable to directly go to God, except they pass
through some other medium. That medium is the intermediary. The divinity
intermediates the relationships humans have with the Supreme Being. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Through the divinities, humans are able to communicate with
God. Human beings put before the intermediaries, their needs, fears, anxieties
etc. These are carried to God the Supreme Being, and in return, the divinities
return with guidance, and answered needs.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>They act as messengers<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another type of relationship between the Supreme Being and
the divinities in West African Traditional Religion is that they act as his
messengers. They carry out this duty in many diverse ways. When people pray and
make their requests or need known, it is believed that the needs and requests,
are carried to the Supreme Being by the divinities. The divinities are also
believed to carry instructions from the Supreme Being, to the people. They also
convey the will of the Supreme Being to humans. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsLLPgw7mZuaXxU1NpteuWCX1Jf3OHNABh8mQjNG_hWMnP4NprWWj4BgY0_GIDwjO8Rp8RvgBttN2xhQPyb9R0wER2uMZRIhXjkEa05iSeS5Jonl-VmQ9t5QB8oohGVdPdW7DgNokVJE4tqZQletQQzjcT0p179_kyRNY1Rk601UtC02C1ZueYx5V4jg/s290/The%20Supreme%20Being.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="290" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsLLPgw7mZuaXxU1NpteuWCX1Jf3OHNABh8mQjNG_hWMnP4NprWWj4BgY0_GIDwjO8Rp8RvgBttN2xhQPyb9R0wER2uMZRIhXjkEa05iSeS5Jonl-VmQ9t5QB8oohGVdPdW7DgNokVJE4tqZQletQQzjcT0p179_kyRNY1Rk601UtC02C1ZueYx5V4jg/s1600/The%20Supreme%20Being.png" width="290" /></a></div><i style="font-size: large;"><b><p class="MsoNormal"><i><b>Protectors of the people</b></i></p></b></i><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">In West African traditional religion, divinities are the
protectors of the people. They are capable of delivering the people so that no
harm is able to befall them. In West African traditional religion, harm may
take different forms. Physical harm is not the only type of harm that can
befall a man, it could be spiritual, the people believe. Mental health is
considered a form of harm. Even the ultimate harm, death, the divinities are
believed to have the power to prevent from befalling the people. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Carrying out the will of the Supreme Being<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">The divinities also relate with the Supreme Being in West African
traditional religion by carrying out his will. It is the will of God that his
people be blessed, that rains must fall for them in due season, that they must
have bountiful harvest, etc. When the people pray to God through the
divinities, God hears their supplications and wants to act, it is believed that
his will carried out by the divinities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Divinities are also seen as helpers of the Supreme Being,
doing his work in the world</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another aspect of the relationship between the Supreme Being
and the divinities in West African traditional religion is that the divinities
act as the spirit entities that carry out the will of the Supreme Being. It is
the will of God that his people be blessed, that rains must fall for them in
due season, that they must have bountiful harvest, etc. When the people pray to
God through the divinities, God hears their supplications and acts in answer to
the prayers of the people. God will is carried out by the divinities in answer
to needs of the people.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Conclusion</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">In conclusion, the relationship between the Supreme Being
and the divinities in West African traditional religion is not seen on the
basis of equality. The people believe that the divinities have some powers to
accomplish certain things but the ultimate power rests with the Supreme Being.
It is a relationship of mutual respect. Each party recognizes its role and
acknowledges the roles of the other.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Also Read</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/06/what-are-some-of-the-moral-lessons-acquired-during-the-use-of-free-leisure-time-in-west-african-traditional-religion-ghana-nigeria-sierra-leone-liberia-togo-bernin-mali.html" target="_blank">What are some moral lessons and skills acquired during the use of free/leisure time in West African Traditional Religion</a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/04/why-is-it-important-to-study-west-african-traditional-religion-ghana-nigeria-togo-burinafaso-gambia.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Why is it important for people to study West African Traditional Religion today?</span></a><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/the-study-of-west-african-traditional.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Go to the list of other topics in West African Traditional Religion</span></a><br /></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-91279197003574111632023-06-05T09:39:00.003-07:002023-06-05T09:41:12.056-07:00What are some moral lessons and skills acquired during the use of free/leisure time in West African Traditional Religion<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJqWsuazYT8_4fYWJblloI2_OzBpUaxTd8jsRC6JERwj7F4zc5Hr6tE4ZqGYGAYp-KRhdCumHPMq2_DtuDKuvOi4Rs-tpQCvK93ltFv6IX8xXf5nZVD2etdAftr6AJ3QCnqVp4Tc0tq3qdhOkGGX4r3PsW_BnRtfj3METQSs7YbK5Z7gKExn1F0oZM8A/s640/ethics%20skills.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="640" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJqWsuazYT8_4fYWJblloI2_OzBpUaxTd8jsRC6JERwj7F4zc5Hr6tE4ZqGYGAYp-KRhdCumHPMq2_DtuDKuvOi4Rs-tpQCvK93ltFv6IX8xXf5nZVD2etdAftr6AJ3QCnqVp4Tc0tq3qdhOkGGX4r3PsW_BnRtfj3METQSs7YbK5Z7gKExn1F0oZM8A/s320/ethics%20skills.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>WHAT ARE SOME MORAL LESSONS AND SKILLS ACQUIRED DURING THE
USE OF FREE/LEISURE TIME IN WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION </b></span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
the West African Traditional context, free or leisure time refers to that time
spent engaging in activities unrelated to our regular daily work. It could be
just the time spent hanging out with friends, taking part in cultural events,
playing traditional sports like wrestling, cat and mouse, war games, jumping
competitions, ampe and dance matches, this is just to mention a few. Other
pastimes, like playing the flute or writing traditional songs, are ones that
people pursue on their own. Individuals can unwind, recuperate, and enjoy life
during this spare time.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">In West Africa, some of the games may seem like
a pastime that is of no value to the people. A game like “Oware” or “Adi” may
look senseless but they are traditional games designed by the people to teach
useful lessons to the children as they grew. The children are able to imbibe
new skills, to develop excellent moral character, build their muscles, develop
trust in others and many other skills. In this article, we will look at how the
traditional West African games played during their leisure times help to pick
useful skills, ideas, information etc. that become helpful to them later in
life.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>MORAL LESSONS LEARNED DURING FREE/LEISURE TIME</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Traditional games promote team work </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">People can learn team work as they play traditional games by
engaging in activities that require cooperation and communication. These
activities challenge players to collaborate and communicate with each other in
order to achieve a common goal. One of the games that promote team spirit is
dancing. There are types of dances that require all the group members to dance
in one formation, moving their feet, arms and body in one direction at the same
time. This requires practice, cooperation and communication to achieve. The
group practice is held on particular days and times. Members of the group need
to keep to time and must committed to learn new things at all times. Keeping to
time is a valuable lesson to learn. Dancing also helps them to learn
coordination skills and ability to keep to rhythms. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Traditional games help to develop honesty </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">One important skill people learn when they play traditional
games is the virtue of honesty. Like many other games in other jurisdictions,
traditional games played in West Africa are governed by rules and each player
is expected to play by the rules. Players are thought to abide by the rules and
ensure fair play at all times. Honest admission of losses and mistakes are
embedded in the art of the games. Cheating is discouraged and whoever is caught
cheating may be disqualified. The game of “ampe” for example is played by two
girls though it can be played with a group of other girls. Two girls on
opposite sides jump while clapping their hands, then move one leg forward.
Prior to the start, each party chooses what determines a win for her. For
example, if one moves the left leg and the other moves the right, it is a win
for one party. If, on the other hand one moves a right leg and the other also
moves the right leg, then it is a win for the opponent. No player is allowed to
player at a slower speed than the other. Defeat must be accepted in good faith.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP4BI1Dbq0PhezQRxmguPzvs97yXb576FsB7ew_euJHy6RczcpA1fkByYzCMinaATHpZNUdQ-xeB6g1IsAfUcvnhxIGdcGDQziXYA5SWGPz4a5iAtO4a-8QjQBEP8thtJ6ItXXF7ubk3eJE8w7GrGF4gSF2tX7B2hEzwDtSB4-VwyHkNFu1Xkl015fEg/s640/peace.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="640" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP4BI1Dbq0PhezQRxmguPzvs97yXb576FsB7ew_euJHy6RczcpA1fkByYzCMinaATHpZNUdQ-xeB6g1IsAfUcvnhxIGdcGDQziXYA5SWGPz4a5iAtO4a-8QjQBEP8thtJ6ItXXF7ubk3eJE8w7GrGF4gSF2tX7B2hEzwDtSB4-VwyHkNFu1Xkl015fEg/s320/peace.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-size: large;"><i>Teaches the art of reconciliation and peaceful resolution of
disputes</i></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">The virtue of reconciliation is also thought during the
games. On some occasions, misunderstandings occur and may sometimes result in
fisticuffs. The ability to make peace immediately or in the not-too-distant
future after the games is crucial to harmonious living in the community. Peace
overtures are extended to aggrieved parties and the same opponents can find
themselves playing again. Some wrestling fights may develop into real fights
and opponents need to be separated to avoid injuries. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of these fights may later involve other
extended family members. Peace needs to be restored between the two families.
All types of alternative resolution mechanisms have to be employed. All these
encourages and teaches the ability to reconcile with people and make peace with
others who wrong a person.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Acquisition of the art of critical thinking <o:p></o:p></b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Traditional West African games help to
acquire the art of critical thinking by providing players with the opportunity
to think strategically and solve problems. For instance, the Ghanaian game of
“akomfem" involves strategy, the capacity to predict your opponent's
upcoming move and the capability to counter it with a prior action. </span>The
game is played on a board shaped like a cross, with four rows of four holes.
Players take turns placing stones into the holes. The object of the game is to
capture as many of the opponent's stones as possible. Since the players
strategic thinking in their attempt to capture their opponent’s stones, they
need to develop critical thinking skills. Though this game is designed for
enjoyment, the players must be strategic and skillful. The game, therefore,
teaches the ability to be strategic in thinking. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Children learn endurance and ability to develop high stamina
levels</i></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Again, West African traditional games can help to build
stamina and increase endurance levels in people during their free times. It
helps people to stay in shape. There are games like ampe, wrestling and dance
competitions, which emphasize physical activity. They assist to develop coordination,
muscle strength, and endurance. Furthermore, the flexibility, coordination, and
quick thinking needed by these activities could help to improve mental focus.
Playing these games socially with friends and family may also foster
relationships, reduce stress levels and offer a fun form of exercise. Dancing,
for example, if done for a long time, requires stamina, because some are very
intense and one must learn to endure in order to keep up. Some of the dance
steps are intricate and require a great deal of focus to attain mastery.
Dancing, therefore, helps to develop mental endurance, balance and coordination
abilities. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfyjbVdQd_S56pwJUqzJFp3On1lNa_upjkFQ7UdJyvtBYDjUCcl7u8wbfvSIx543Ikb3KLr4IWdhRhBEGEprXK1M3vnu-xBhPx6MoKhbnTlf74z3JLfwclGZdRUn4WlLhQ0jF9FWfB9hvn2vilgyD-dA-EDJQX8tusJvklydvXMk-6kNw0wkIyW8n-7w/s1280/oware.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="853" data-original-width="1280" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfyjbVdQd_S56pwJUqzJFp3On1lNa_upjkFQ7UdJyvtBYDjUCcl7u8wbfvSIx543Ikb3KLr4IWdhRhBEGEprXK1M3vnu-xBhPx6MoKhbnTlf74z3JLfwclGZdRUn4WlLhQ0jF9FWfB9hvn2vilgyD-dA-EDJQX8tusJvklydvXMk-6kNw0wkIyW8n-7w/s320/oware.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">(</span><b style="font-size: large;"><i>Oware</i></b><span style="font-size: large;">)</span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Traditional games may teach basic mathematics, analytical
and problem-solving skills </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">West African Traditional games may help in teaching basic
mathematics, develop analytical and problem-solving skills. The children learn
how to count, to add, to subtract, to multiply, and to divide. It is the fusion
of joy, play and learn. The skills may be picked passively too. The games are
designed to help learn how to strategize, and solve problems. The children
become analytical and able to improve upon their calculating abilities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">The traditional game called Oware, for example, is a game
common among the Akans of Ghana though anyone can learn how to play it and very
well too. It is a game played by two players. It involves both skills and luck
but also involves strategy. The board is carved by experts, who create 12 holes
in the wood, six on either side, sometimes with one bigger one on the two edges
for each to gather his trophies. They use seeds from a plant Gulandina bonduc.
The seed is called bonduc seeds. The ultimate aim of the game is to capture the
greater number of seeds from than the other player. In all, 48 bonduc seeds are
needed, each player arranges 24 seeds with four each in the six holes on his
side of the board. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">The two players decide who starts he game. The starter
collects the seeds in one hole and distributes, one each in subsequent holes in
a clockwise direction. When he drops the last seed on a group of seeds, he
collects those and continues distributing. This continues until he drops his
last seed in a hole that has no other seed in it. His opponent now takes his
turn. This continues until one player dispossesses his opponent of the greatest
number of seeds. That person is then declared the winner. is won by the person
who has the most seeds captured.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Traditional games may teach efficiency, thriftiness and
cunningness<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">On moonlight nights, people congregate in their houses, to
tell stories. Ananse, a character in Akan folklore, in Ghana, immediately
springs to mind. The Yoruba call telling stories "alor," while the
Ewes of Ghana call it "gli." The roles played by the characters in
the narrative are meant to demonstrate one competence or the other. One is able
to develop the capacity to be resourceful, more effective in one’s approach to
challenges of life, and being capable of making wise judgments. Some people
develop the skill of outwitting others and utilize wit to win fights or
disagreements. They learn how to manage their finances in the future by
learning how to use their resources effectively. However, the intention is for
the good virtues to be inculcated in the children.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Conclusion</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">In the traditional setting, free time is an integral part of
life as such time is used in playing games or enjoying a past time. As people
play and enjoy their leisure, they learn lessons of value that can be
beneficial to them in the future. The inculcation of positive values in
children is embedded in the games they are encouraged to play as young people.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"><b> Also Read:</b></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/06/what-are-the-relationships-between-west-african-traditional-religion-and-tourisn-in-ghana-nigeria-sierra-leone-liberia-south-africa.html" target="_blank">What are the relationships between West African Traditional Religion and tourism</a><br /></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/what-are-the-beliefs-associated-with-Ghanaian-marriage.html" target="_blank">What are the beliefs associated with Ghanaian traditional marriage?</a><br /></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><br /></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a><br /></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/the-study-of-west-african-traditional.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Go to other topics in West African Traditional Religion>></span></a><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-60867882816710367442023-06-02T05:03:00.011-07:002023-06-05T10:03:46.321-07:00What are the relationships between West African Traditional Religion and tourism?<p> <span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: large; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1_TGHIyX98UXg2UNaFQfc2-EVAZp2TBo3-quFeLcwkLkT0l3wajFeWHUJCuSF4Nn-Sm06lo-uIYWw-B9Fq_5uJcRYNvAO94YexlGW6AmXDcpQr_ZJ8jucZcpPzrVCDswUzaEjCzJEWAUH_smaQPrzCJBtWalhcNqWArwPlXQcv8kqFmt7eRxqiWOfrQ/s640/tourism.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1_TGHIyX98UXg2UNaFQfc2-EVAZp2TBo3-quFeLcwkLkT0l3wajFeWHUJCuSF4Nn-Sm06lo-uIYWw-B9Fq_5uJcRYNvAO94YexlGW6AmXDcpQr_ZJ8jucZcpPzrVCDswUzaEjCzJEWAUH_smaQPrzCJBtWalhcNqWArwPlXQcv8kqFmt7eRxqiWOfrQ/s320/tourism.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;"><b>WHAT ARE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION AND TOURISM?</b></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>Introduction</b></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The indigenous religion of West Africans is referred to as West African Traditional Religion (WATR). This religion was practice before the coming of the Christianity and the advent of Islam. The practice of this religion was prevalent in the West Africa, in countries, including but not limited to, Ghana, Benin, Sierra Leone, Togo, Liberia, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Mali, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Tourism, on the other hand refers to the act of traveling to another place other than one's own place and staying to enjoy the new environment. It is normally place far from home, where one can experience different forms of recreation and cultures. It affords one the opportunity to explore new places, sights, etc. Tourism also involves visits to national parks, ancient religious sights and amusement parks.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">There has been a long-standing relationship between tourism and religion. There has always been a special attraction of travelers to places of religious significance, including places where West African Traditional Religion is practiced. Today, going on pilgrimage to religious places constitute a significant chank of the tourism industry. In recent years, the relationship between religion and tourism has become even more complex, with many people traveling to religious sites for both spiritual and recreational purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In this article, we will explore the various ways in which West African Traditional religion and tourism intersect.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGION AND TOURISM</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Temporal migration</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">A lot of opportunities and adversities have taken people away from their home region. Some have even travelled to other countries and other continents. Some of the opportunities include education and trade and some adversities include lack of employment, ethnic violence and others. Anytime there is to be an indigenous religious festival, people temporarily migrate to their hometowns or home regions to partage in these religious activities. This serves as a form of religious tourism for the people. In Ghana, the celebration of the Adae kese of the Ashantis draws a lot of indigenous people back home. So also is the Hogbetsotso festival of the Anlo people or the Homowo of the Ga state. These festivals draw people from all parts of Ghana and even people from outside Ghana, who come along with their relatives, and friends for the celebrations. Not only that, they also come with their friends.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Time set aside for rest as sacred<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another important link between religion and tourism is the time set aside for quality rest. In many cultures, religion and tourism are considered as twins. Time set aside for rest is of particular importance in religious celebrations and activities. During such religious celebrations, serious farm work is suspended for the indigenous people to have time for activities planned for the religious festival. People go on their annual leave to coincide with the celebration of these festivals. It helps them to combine rest and local tourism.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Time for contemplation</i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">When people travel to partake in religious festivals, it is a way of going far away from the hustle and bustle of life. This creates a sense of calmness where they are able to reflect on themselves and their life. There is a feeling of reverence toward the object of worship or a connection to the rituals performed with the various activities. This fosters a felling of peace and tranquility. It is therefore a time to have some level of self-introspection.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Leisure time for seeking self-understanding</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another link between religion and tourism is the leisure time it creates. There is enough time because work is temporarily suspended. With so much time on the on their hand, people are able to seclude themselves, hiding away from the noise and clutter to reflect on issues of personal importance to them. While reflecting on life, people become aware of things they would otherwise never have known. This helps them to refocus and redirect their life.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRT2hnUFrkeJkmjEQuYaDMnvyD8fYZpAvx7fwagd06FN1OCk8Gp-L50SJZ2PeUI3vSR0udjXbqP6zpHG9rf5YHSlYVFE7ptaPc6g_oZOuJNNqd-3pANiHt-wGCwYjmECAzA8q02m_WATXxNKzeHS4NJLDYP6_ynDpZer0dB2L-jV9amVMaxGtdBJ_5_g/s640/grove.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRT2hnUFrkeJkmjEQuYaDMnvyD8fYZpAvx7fwagd06FN1OCk8Gp-L50SJZ2PeUI3vSR0udjXbqP6zpHG9rf5YHSlYVFE7ptaPc6g_oZOuJNNqd-3pANiHt-wGCwYjmECAzA8q02m_WATXxNKzeHS4NJLDYP6_ynDpZer0dB2L-jV9amVMaxGtdBJ_5_g/s320/grove.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">(<i>Forest)</i></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Religious Pilgrimage</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Religious pilgrimage is a type of tourism that involves traveling to a location with special religious significance. Pilgrimage tourism is often motivated by a desire to visit holy places, participate in religious rituals, or take part in a special religious event. Pilgrims may travel to other countries or even other continents to visit religious sites and engage in spiritual activities. This type of tourism is often associated with economic benefits, as pilgrims typically spend money on accommodation, food, and other services during their visit. Additionally, religious pilgrimage can have a positive impact on local communities, as it can bring increased awareness and a greater appreciation for the local culture and religious practices.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Excursions to religious centres</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">The link between excursions to religious centres and tourism is that they both involve travelling to specific locations for different reasons. Religious centres are typically places of pilgrimage or places of worship, while tourism typically involves travelling for leisure or entertainment. Both involve journeys to different places, often with different motivations, and can be seen as part of a broader travel experience. Excursions to religious centres can be seen as an important part of tourism, as they can provide a unique cultural and spiritual experience.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Educational value of visit to religious centres</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Visits to places of religious importance, like religious festivals and pilgrimages to sacred religious sites, are of great educational value to the visitors. The simple reason for this is that, the trove of information they receive during the visit is more than gold. It gives them a special insight into the reasons for some of the activities they are exposed to. There is therefore a better appreciation of their customs and practices. It also [people to learn to be at peace with others since there is an understanding of their ways of life.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Healing, spiritual strength, etc.</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">During religious festivals, people go back to connect with the ancestors to help them understand certain things that are happening in their lives at that particular time. Things for which answers have eluded them. West African Traditional Religion and tourism are intertwined since it is during these tours that such connections with the divine take place. It is also within these periods that people discover more things about the religion and its cultural practices. As tourists attend these religious festivals, the get to know more about the religion of the West African people.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Conclusion</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">There are two schools of thought on the relationship between religion and tourism. While some see it as a significant attraction to tourists, offering them unique chances to explore the culture of the people, others see it as a way of stirring controversy and unnecessary commercialization of the religion. Having said this, we can come to the conclusion that traditional religious practices still constitute a major aspect of the tourism destinations in West Africa. What is important is to ensure that both schools of thought derive the maximum benefit from what it has come to be.</span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Also Read:</b></span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/04/what-is-the-nature-of-west-african-traditonal-religion-and-what-are-the-specific-beliefs-in-the-supernatural.html" target="_blank">The nature of African Traditional Religion</a><br /></span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/04/what-are-the-major-characteristics-of-west-african-traditional-religion.html" target="_blank">The characteristics of West African Traditional Religion</a><br /></span></p><p><br /></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a><br /></span></p><p><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/the-study-of-west-african-traditional.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in West African Traditional Religion>></a><br /></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-82115785128584645732023-05-30T08:24:00.001-07:002023-05-30T08:24:45.862-07:00What are the advantages and disadvantages of using seine nets?<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAagdz9mtCAAfj3RqFHJZCCrGtdi4tR7HdAkLpDa8nMqZUMYgCsQfn_fznVvTzqJ7A2aFChNsMHDdzoySSzgn2D5AwUzct3KGcUdP3epOc7c7Oee0lX20aMZbJ-2T_To3Ci_wqFp6fyyv9OmwixheeFDN3PA8rusCwvUDMqlJ0N_k8DUvkgfCT00lIGQ/s1280/seine%20net.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1280" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAagdz9mtCAAfj3RqFHJZCCrGtdi4tR7HdAkLpDa8nMqZUMYgCsQfn_fznVvTzqJ7A2aFChNsMHDdzoySSzgn2D5AwUzct3KGcUdP3epOc7c7Oee0lX20aMZbJ-2T_To3Ci_wqFp6fyyv9OmwixheeFDN3PA8rusCwvUDMqlJ0N_k8DUvkgfCT00lIGQ/s320/seine%20net.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="background: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING
SEINE IN FISHING?<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Introduction </i> </b> </span></span></p><p style="background: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The use of seine nets in the fishing industry is an
age-old practice that has been with the human race for centuries. Today, it is
not uncommon to see seine nets being used in the industry. </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;">A seine net is a type of fishing net that is vertically
hanged in the water. In order to keep it floating, weights are attached to the
bottom edges. It is the type of fishing gear mostly used in shallow waters to
capture fish. Seine nets can be used in rivers, oceans and at the shorelines of
lakes. This is how the seine net is employed; Two groups of people, holding
either side of the net, pull the net in a circular motion. The aim is to
encircle the fish. Once the net is encircled, it is drawn to the shore. It is
here that the catch is collected. The net is then drawn to the shore, where the
catch can be collected. In this article, we will discuss the merits and
demerits of the use of seine nets in the fishing industry.</span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>THE ADVANTAGES OF THE USE OF SEINE NETS<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>It is effective and able to quickly catch large
quantities of fish</i></b><b><i> </i> </b> </span></span></p><p style="background: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;">One of the reasons why players in the fishing
industry prefer the use of seine nets is that it is a very effective method of
fishing. They are specifically designed and due to their large sizes, they are
able to catch large quantities of fish in a very short time. Seine net is
common in the commercial fishing industry, because they need to feed a large
market demand and also ensure they make enough they cover their cost of
operation and make enough profit. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Allows for selective fishing </b><b> </b></i> </span></span></p><p style="background: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The use of seine nets is again advantageous because
is easy to target particular species of fish. This is mainly because of the way
the net is shaped and designed. The mesh size of the net can be adjusted to
target fish of a particular species and size. This is good for the purposes of conservation
and management of the fish resources in the waters. The fishermen are able to
focus on the types of fish that are in abundance. So, for example, if they
recognize that a particular type of fish seemed to have been overfished, they
avoid them and concentrate on those that are common at the time. The use of
seine nets helps to conserve endangered fish species.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Seine net is relatively cheap </b></i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Another merit of the use of seine net is that it is
that, compared to other types, seine nets are not that expensive. What this
means is that, the fisherfolks who operate on a small-scale are able to afford
it, especially, if they do not have enough money to buy those that are more
expensive.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEutG3tUomX3wJ1B2IUdmbpS107Apl97PpnFO4TRV4RxIIJ2JzpLY8l8fXD6_hlMXfiMoIcs33ln9EWl-47aLCzqZtAIyye7ymXV2rbdR-yksno1APictAe2zGwv3O8AxPIlcCB4rZw6pgz76L3dY-y4h_u8HH2ERsYOQGmYVK9fCw2Oz-tHKlBOho4w/s4627/alexander-andrews-JxfKZbPDTSc-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4627" data-original-width="3085" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEutG3tUomX3wJ1B2IUdmbpS107Apl97PpnFO4TRV4RxIIJ2JzpLY8l8fXD6_hlMXfiMoIcs33ln9EWl-47aLCzqZtAIyye7ymXV2rbdR-yksno1APictAe2zGwv3O8AxPIlcCB4rZw6pgz76L3dY-y4h_u8HH2ERsYOQGmYVK9fCw2Oz-tHKlBOho4w/s320/alexander-andrews-JxfKZbPDTSc-unsplash.jpg" width="213" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Seine net is versatile</b><b> </b></i>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;">There is a level flexibility
in the use of seine nets that adds more advantages to their use. For example,
it can be used in a variety of locations. It can be used in shallow waters, as
well as, in deep waters. Therefore, with seine nets, fishing can be done in different
locations.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>It is environmentally friendly</b></i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">The use of seine
nets is environmentally friendly. This is mainly because no chemicals or
explosives are employed in their operation. The advantage here is that, no
chemical or explosive pollutants are introduced into the environment or
especially into the water that may damage the fish habitat.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>It reduces bycatch </b><b> </b></i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Another
advantage of using seine net is that there is reduced bycatch. A bycatch refers
to the situation where fishermen catch fish that they did not intend to catch
and there have to return them into the water. This is because, seine netting is
able to target specific species.</span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>THE DISADVANTAGES OF USING SEINE NETS<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>May be difficult to operate operate</i><i> </i></b> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Seine nets may be difficult to use. A lot of skills
and experience is required for one to be able to operate them. If the fisherman
using the seine nets is not very experienced, he may not be able to effectively
use it. This can lower drastically, the amount of catch at the end of the day.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>May cause destruction to the environment</b><b> </b></i>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The use of seine nets has
another disadvantage, that is, they can be damaging to the environment in which
they are used. For one thing, seine nets get caught up in coral reefs. When
this happens, they destroy the coral reefs. They are also capable to destroying
habitats under the water. They endanger the lives of sea turtles by entangling
them in their mesh. This sometimes results in the death of the turtles. Dolphins,
and other marine lives are not spared the plight experienced by the sea turtle.
Again, seine nets can spread alien invasive species in water bodies, and this
has negative consequences on the underwater ecosystems.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Seine nets can catch non-target species </i></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">One of the disadvantages of using
seine net is that it can catch some other species that were not originally
target before the fishing expedition. The consequence of this occurrence is
that, some fish species may be overfished as a result of its wide spread use
and that cause those species to be depleted from their habitat. which can lead
to overfishing and depletion of certain fish stocks.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>It can be difficult to use in deep waters</i></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Another disadvantage of using seine
nets is that, they are typically cumbersome to use in deep waters. The net is
designed in such a way that, they can only be lowered up to a certain of the
water. This is a limitation to how deep the fisherman can reach in his quest to
catch fish. Because of this limitation, the seine net not able to get to ranges
of fish habitat that are beyond the reach of the net.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Can cause damage to the sea floor</b><b> </b></i> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Again, seine net can cause damage to
the sea floor, especially by those who use it on commercial basis. This happens
when the net is dragged along. There is a considerable damage to marine life in
the water body. Seine nets can especially destroy coral reefs, causing a lot of
damage to the existing food chain. If the food chain is disturbed, it can result
in the death of some marine species. Again, if the food chain is disturbed, it
will affect the health of the ocean.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Seine nets can be difficult to monitor </b></i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">It is difficult to monitor the use of
seine nets because of the size and complexity. There are difficulties in
ensuring that they are sustainably used. This difficulty in monitoring may lead
to overfishing. Overfishing would also lead to the depletion of some fish
stocks.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Conclusion</i></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">The seine net has become an
increasingly popular tool in the fisheries industry, due to its efficiency and
affordability. Despite its many advantages, it is important to recognize the
potential disadvantages that come with its use. Proper monitoring and
regulation of seine nets is essential in order to ensure that they are being
used sustainably and responsibly. By understanding the advantages and
disadvantages of seine nets, we can better ensure that they are used in a way
that benefits both the fishermen and the environment.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Also Read: </b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-cast-nets-in-the-fisheries-industry-ghana-nigeria.html" target="_blank">What are the advantages and disadvantages of using cast nets in fishing?</a></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/the-classification-and-description-of-some-facilities-that-are-common-at-fish-landing-sites-such-as-the-winch-cold-store-ice-plant-fuel-station-slipway-dry-dock-jetty-break-water.html" target="_blank">The classification and description of some facilities that are common at fish landing sites</a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> <a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/fisheries-fisheries-syllabus-has-been.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in fisheries</a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-73182104400456303812023-05-28T19:53:00.000-07:002023-05-28T19:53:36.860-07:00What are the advantages and disadvantages of using cast nets in fishing?<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAGvyDUan_nQaA6CpKQdZSqvhjhRAfc0vdftZuT-y1y1Oh0GG6x6PKRLwgPDMsiwivs9884Cm_rN6akv7sGrrzyWajW5iQPt5p-B5hYl3GVdCwXbPc0WJHQwPwt17fr9E3nFWbYlVMKwAEGYmpv3adDts0JikcKGIDEfXtJrF0dZqC29JKqkhy23S4kQ/s290/cast%20net%204.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="290" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAGvyDUan_nQaA6CpKQdZSqvhjhRAfc0vdftZuT-y1y1Oh0GG6x6PKRLwgPDMsiwivs9884Cm_rN6akv7sGrrzyWajW5iQPt5p-B5hYl3GVdCwXbPc0WJHQwPwt17fr9E3nFWbYlVMKwAEGYmpv3adDts0JikcKGIDEfXtJrF0dZqC29JKqkhy23S4kQ/s1600/cast%20net%204.png" width="290" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF USING CAST NETS IN FISHING?</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">A cast net is a type of fishing net that is circular and
hand-thrown into the water to capture fish. It is made of a heavy mesh material
and has weights along the edge so that it spreads out in a circle as it is
thrown. The net is designed to sink quickly, trapping fish that are swimming
near the surface. Fishing with a cast net is an ancient fishing technique used
by anglers for centuries. It is a highly effective and efficient way to catch
fish, but it is not without its drawbacks. In this article, we will explore the
advantages and disadvantages of using cast nets for fishing. We will look at
the practical aspects of using a cast net, as well as the potential risks
associated with it. By the end of this article, you should be able to decide if
cast nets are a suitable fishing method for you.<span style="line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>THE ADVANTAGES OF USING A CAST NET</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>A cast net is
much quicker and easier to use </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A cast net is
a really perfect fishing method for folks that don't have a variety of time to
spend money on fishing. It's far extraordinarily fast and smooth to apply
compared to other fishing techniques, making it a top-notch choice for
individuals who need to quick seize a few fish. Not handiest does it take less
time to deploy than other techniques, but it also yields a higher achievement
rate, that means that you are more likely to trap something with a forged net
than some other method. It is a fantastic preference for absolutely everyone
who wants to spend less time fishing and greater time playing the seize.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>A cast net is highly versatile<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">One of the
angler's useful tools is the cast net. This is because it is versatile. It can
be used in different kinds of waters, the shallow water, the deep one and any
types in between. It is also useful because it allows the fisherman to target a
variety of fish species, catching any type of fish swimming where the net is
cast. By its very design, one can easily throw it in the water and retrieve it
immediately. A cast net is not as expensive as other fishing gears, this means
it is easy to acquire.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPSMhMX5GYg0mA4i07kfxG1QqQHl6rY2OVMBg2QgRxERL7cTwhupzlOlA6bqyVSZXscff4vmmUheDPpxO5ULH6nB_7XIjNapMhIFtjMZkzPZX16q_R-lqCWbCny_KcNSlWPBJfTa2FuAwi-NWa_dRM5fnF0UVwb9BdBJSySNK9Nz-ZACiB89pWDidEAw/s290/The%20advantages%20of%20using%20cast%20nets.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="290" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPSMhMX5GYg0mA4i07kfxG1QqQHl6rY2OVMBg2QgRxERL7cTwhupzlOlA6bqyVSZXscff4vmmUheDPpxO5ULH6nB_7XIjNapMhIFtjMZkzPZX16q_R-lqCWbCny_KcNSlWPBJfTa2FuAwi-NWa_dRM5fnF0UVwb9BdBJSySNK9Nz-ZACiB89pWDidEAw/s1600/The%20advantages%20of%20using%20cast%20nets.gif" width="290" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><i style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>It is cost effective</b></i></div><p></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
advantage of the use of a cast net is that it is very cheap in terms of price.
It is therefore, a cost-effective way to provide the fish protein needs of the
family. A cast net can be used at different places like in rivers, lakes,
lagoons and in the coastal areas. Additionally, a cast net is very easy to use.
One does not require that much equipment to launch. This makes it the poor man's
choice of fishing gear. It also the first choice for those who are just
starting out to fish.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Cast nets
have a high catch rate<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
advantage of a cast net is that it is an exceedingly powerful fishing device
due to it high rate of fish capture. A cast net can be thrown over a wide area.
This allows the net to catch a variety of fish by just one swoop. Also, a cast
net has a simple layout, therefore, it is easy to apply even if the person is
an inexperience fisher man. Anyone who is looking out to maximize their fish
catch has a cast net to choose since it is the perfect tool for the fisher man.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>It is environmentally
friendly</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">An additional
advantage of a cast net is that it is an incredible choice for people who are
environmentally conscious. The cast net does now not require chemicals before
fish can be caught. Once more, it does not need any motorized machines to
function. This makes it one of the most sustainable strategies of fishing.
There may be less noise pollution when using a cast net, in contrast to the
usage of outboard motors mounted on canoes which produces carbon monoxide that
is harmful to the surroundings and to human beings.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>THE DISADVANTAGES OF USING CAST NET<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Cast nets are
not portable and can be difficult to transport</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Using a cast
net may be a terrific manner to trap fish, however they may be as a substitute
unwieldy and tough to transport. Cast nets are huge and cumbersome, and
commonly require a few human beings to assist convey it. Moreover, they may be
very heavy, making them hard to move from one spot to any other. If you're
seeking out a portable fishing solution, forged nets may not be the fine
desire. Fortunately, there are many other alternatives that are easier to move
around, such as spinning rods and reels, jigs, and hand-lines. These strategies
may be a great deal extra portable and convenient, while still permitting you
to trap lots of fish. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Cast nets can
be dangerous, as they involve throwing a weighted net into the water</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The use of a cast net includes
throwing a weighted net into the water for one to catch fish. Whilst this is a
traditional and powerful technique of fishing, it may be risky if precautions
are not taken. It is very critical for the angler to ensure that there are no
humans around before the net is cast. This is because the net can be heavy and
if it hits a person, it can cause injuries. The angler must also wary of any
obstacles in the area since the net may be entangled around the obstacle. Also,
if improperly used, the cat net can wrap around the fingers of the user or his
body. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxTNpGwq099caXACmyY8ae9mu75t7hzehJrgmm85apNSnnmbFjF8buexZJLpnxA5uWMsSt9P6JDJ7Aoav2cPuktmBhX9SWobMNrhOIJveXZtrzsS4eeZIx_PMqrYoXqKQTCMFot7WR58vmrbA4mfEsV5uOm2h9EfJDfr-DcSVeoj3WGbRUgDVh-DgL8w/s290/disadvantages.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="290" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxTNpGwq099caXACmyY8ae9mu75t7hzehJrgmm85apNSnnmbFjF8buexZJLpnxA5uWMsSt9P6JDJ7Aoav2cPuktmBhX9SWobMNrhOIJveXZtrzsS4eeZIx_PMqrYoXqKQTCMFot7WR58vmrbA4mfEsV5uOm2h9EfJDfr-DcSVeoj3WGbRUgDVh-DgL8w/s1600/disadvantages.gif" width="290" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><i style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Cast nets can
be disruptive to the environment</b></i></div><p></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cast nets can
be very disruptive to the surroundings. This is because they could disturb the
delicate balance of aquatic environment. Cast nets can cause extensive damage
to aquatic habitats. They may also stir up sediment in the water and disrupt
flora. Furthermore, cats nets can injure animals which might be stuck in them,
this may lead to the decrease in the population of some species in selected
regions. Additionally, the use of cast nets can reduce the amount of oxygen in
the water. This can create unfavorable aquatic environment for fish life.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Cast nets may
not be allowed in certain areas, due to conservation laws. </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cast nets may
be very effective fishing gear in capturing fish, however, cast nets may not be
allowed in certain jurisdiction because of conservation laws. One of the major
reasons for establishing conservation laws is to protect the environment,
especially, in the fisheries sector, to protect marine life. The use of cast
nets may be prohibited to prevent the over fishing of some fish that may be
endangered. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Cast net can
be difficult to use in areas with strong currents or heavy vegetation</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The use of
cast nets can be hectic where there are strong currents or heavy vegetation.
This is because, the wind can distort the direction intended by the angler and
shift it elsewhere. This may prevent the angler from catching the type of fish
desired. Also, the net can be caught in vegetation and makes maneuvering
cumbersome for the angler. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Conclusion<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
conclusion, one can say that the use of cast net to catch fish has a lot of
advantages. It may be used for a number of purposes, is quite simple to master,
and can be used to catch different kinds of fish. The use of cast net may be
subject to conservation laws of the state. It is also important to recognize
how their use affects the environment. Cast net fishing may be an effective,
efficient, and sustainable method of catching fish when done properly.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> Also Read:</span></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/the-classification-and-description-of-some-facilities-that-are-common-at-fish-landing-sites-such-as-the-winch-cold-store-ice-plant-fuel-station-slipway-dry-dock-jetty-break-water.html" target="_blank">The classification and description of some facilities that are common at fish landing sites</a><br /></span></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/how-to-classify-and-describe-common-fishing-gears-like-cast-nets-trawl-nets-dredge-nets-seine-nets-scoop-nets-hooking-devices-stationary-nets-tangle-nets-and-fishing-traps.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">How to classify and describe the common fishing gears used in the fishery industry</span></a><br /></o:p></span></p><p><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a><br /></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/fisheries-fisheries-syllabus-has-been.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Go to other topics in fisheries>></span></a><br /></span></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-71886562780008575232023-05-25T21:21:00.000-07:002023-05-25T21:21:32.689-07:00The classification and description of some facilities that are common at fish landing sites<p style="text-align: center;"><span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqX9YKdFXz4YsMcrAibWvoTPfNnk0pUNKiGvniyP_tLSaYL49NiqFP7-YW7oAY84UIfEdAaEmIsDTtEnAX_Onq2MAnaaavhwM9AoDXbxeZGQcnfcKFpAZkxkH8OP9EGuRnOsSRqzCKbdU6Z_HjhOgk6fnA0f6BtXufCdXIv04NyAf1Nkx-en5r85N4PA/s640/boat%20winch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqX9YKdFXz4YsMcrAibWvoTPfNnk0pUNKiGvniyP_tLSaYL49NiqFP7-YW7oAY84UIfEdAaEmIsDTtEnAX_Onq2MAnaaavhwM9AoDXbxeZGQcnfcKFpAZkxkH8OP9EGuRnOsSRqzCKbdU6Z_HjhOgk6fnA0f6BtXufCdXIv04NyAf1Nkx-en5r85N4PA/w400-h268/boat%20winch.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span><div style="text-align: center;">(<i><b>Winch</b></i>)</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">THE
CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF SOME FACILITIES THAT ARE COMMON AT FISH
LANDING SITES</b></div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
facilities at fish landing sites are essential to the success of any fishing
enterprise. Whether it's a small, family-owned business or a large commercial operation,
having the right tools and infrastructure in place can make all the difference.
In this article, we'll take a look at the different types of facilities
available, how they can benefit fishermen, and what should be taken into
consideration when selecting a fish landing site. We'll also discuss the
importance of good maintenance and proper management of these facilities to
ensure they continue to serve the fishing community for years to come.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>FACILITIES
AT FISH LANDING SITES AND HOW THEY ARE UTILIZED <o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Winch</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A winch is a
machine that is used to wind up, or spool a cable or rope. A winch is either
operated by electricity or by hydraulics. They can be operated by the use of
manpower by remote control. A winch is used to launch or to retrieve fishing gear.
Some of the fishing gear a winch is used to deploy are trawl nets, longlines,
pots and buoys. A winch can be used to pull heavy buoys, anchors, etc. It can
be used to pull nets on the surface of the water, to deploy the gear at the
desired depth, and to retrieve the gear from the water. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Cold store <o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A cold store
is one of the major facilities that is central to operations of the fishing
industry. It is so because it helps preserving of fish products. It is a
warehouse of a sort which is temperature-controlled. There, fish products are processed
and distributed through the market chain in the fisheries industry. It is in a
cold store that we store fresh and frozen seafood, before it is sold to a
prospective buyer. Fish products can also be processed, packaged and
distributed to the market. The cold store is designed to maintain a constant
temperature and humidity level. The temperature is usually from 0 degrees
Celsius, up to 5 degrees Celsius. This temperature level is intended to keep
the fish product fresh all the time and prevent it from going bad. Some cold
stores are equipped with blast freezers, ice-making machines and vacuum-packing.
The equipment is able to further prolong the shelf life of the fish products. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Ice plant </b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
facility which is crucial to the fisheries industry is an ice plant. This is
because it ensures that fish products are safely transported to the consumer in
a top-quality form. No spoilage entertained. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An ice plant is used to produce ice and store
the same for use by the fishing industry. It has an industrial refrigeration
system, large-scale freezers, and a space to store it. The ice plant is needed
in the preservation of fish products when being transported to the market or to
the processing plant. The ice helps to preserve the flavor and texture of the fish
product. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN_IFYuzbeXYACW8fz136Lvq6K2y9AHe4cjZqkR9EQOh_rF0n7oXleux1Rquxm1uNcOch2XOKQPGFq6jFep5FY3JJ8KVMdFf5fFMDFpDUvzuIMkUC4BolkhV_28n6PVNmZluKEHE-OY2dhAYmETkS3JJpydP5wc6XDRH1qkDA2sHbq8gjGJkkH9mqnEg/s640/gas%20station.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN_IFYuzbeXYACW8fz136Lvq6K2y9AHe4cjZqkR9EQOh_rF0n7oXleux1Rquxm1uNcOch2XOKQPGFq6jFep5FY3JJ8KVMdFf5fFMDFpDUvzuIMkUC4BolkhV_28n6PVNmZluKEHE-OY2dhAYmETkS3JJpydP5wc6XDRH1qkDA2sHbq8gjGJkkH9mqnEg/w400-h268/gas%20station.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="line-height: 107%;"><div style="text-align: center;">(<i><b>Gas station</b></i>)</div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Fuel station
<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">With the
invention of engine operated machines, and the incorporation of the same into
machinery used in the fishing industry, fuel has become an essential commodity
in fueling almost all machines. Fuel stations have therefore become one of the
most important facilities for providing fuel for fishing vessels. Some of the fuel
types provided at fuel stations include diesel, gasoline, and others. This is dependent
on the particular needs of the vessels. Fuel for the fishing industry is used
for several purposes. For example, fuel is needed to power diesel engines in fishing
vessels. Fuel is needed for cooking and heating on board fishing vessels. At fuel
stations where vessels are served, other services like the washing of vessels
and general maintenance. Additionally, they refuel vessels.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Slipway</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">One of the
features that strikes a person in a visit to a shoreline or riverbank when A
slipway is a structure along the shoreline or a riverbank is a ramp that slopes
into the sea or river. This structure enables boats to be launched into the
water or retrieved from the water. This structure is called a slipway. Slipways
are also useful during the repair and maintenance on vessels, because the
repair is carried out there. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Dry dock</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Fishing
vessels are essential aspect of the work of fishermen and the fishery industry.
There are times, however, when the vessel is not in use, for example, during
closed seasons or just a place to keep the boat. That place where the boat is
kept during this period is called a drydock. A drydock is located on the
shores. It is a holding place for ships when they are under repairs or being
serviced. On one side is a wall, which is intended to block off the sea and on
the other is a sloping ramp. The purpose of the slopping ramp is to allow ships
to enter and to exit. A drydock is used, to enclose ships for security reasons.
Ships and boats are kept here during the clos season when vessels normally do
not launch to the sea or into the river or lake. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Jetty <o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A jetty is used
for various purposes in the fishing industry. It provides access to deeper
water areas. It provides shelter for boats to dock and also easier access to
fishing grounds. Since it is a structure that is built and extended into the
water from the shoreline, they serve also as a barrier against strong currents
and waves. This way, they offer protection to boats and prevents damage. A
jetty is also a structure for fish to gather thereby creating a popular place
to fish. It is a place boats can drop their nets and for anglers to stand and
launch their fishing lines. It is a place for boats to moor. A jetty is made of
concrete, wood, stone, or metal and could be built on the shores of a lake,
river or ocean. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Breakwater</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The purpose
of a breakwater is to reduce the force of waves, strong currents, and flooding.
While it does this, it protects the harbours and the fleet of ships the forces
of the waves and storms. It prevents dirt and other pollutants from getting
into the harbour and this, on its own, creates a healthy environment for fish
and other aquatic life forms. A breakwater creates a calmer water and makes
maneuvering easy for vessels. Breakwaters can be either artificial or natural,
and are usually built from large stones, boulders, or concrete. A breakwater is
usually built along the coast line and harbours.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Conclusion</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
facilities at fish landing sites are essential to ensure the safe and efficient
unloading of fish and other marine products. They provide a crucial platform
for local communities to access the seafood they need, while also providing a
vital source of employment to those working in the fishing industry. With
increased investment in these facilities, it is possible to improve the
sustainability of the fishing industry and ensure its continued growth for
future generations. It is clear that fish landing sites provide a great benefit
to our communities, and it is important that we continue to invest in them.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Also Read:</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/how-to-classify-and-describe-common-fishing-gears-like-cast-nets-trawl-nets-dredge-nets-seine-nets-scoop-nets-hooking-devices-stationary-nets-tangle-nets-and-fishing-traps.html" target="_blank">How to classify and describe the common fishing gears used in the fishery industry</a><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/describe-some-harmful-fishing-practices-and-how-they-affect-fishery-habitat.html" target="_blank">Describe some harmful fishing practices and how they affect fishery habitats</a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/what-are-the-negative-effects-of-aquatic-alien-invasive-species-like-water-hyacinth-water-lettuce-papyrus-reed-hornwort-on-fishery-harbitats-fishery-organisms-and-fisher-men-and-women-in-ghana-nigeria-sierra-lieone-liberia-and-the-united-states-of-america.html" target="_blank">What are the effects of aquatic invasive alien species on fishery habitats, fishery organisms and fishermen/women.</a><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/fisheries-fisheries-syllabus-has-been.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics on fisheries>></a><br /></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-79738657931271227052023-05-25T07:49:00.002-07:002023-05-25T12:56:43.941-07:00How to classify and describe the common fishing gears used in the fishery industry<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNYVPP66HfUGKRfQ01sgZ1A0W2LRCZJye4hF7DfGNYahuRObGGBLwFAX1Mt7zSYB7GtqLx2Y8AGVW4XCWFgckCoLFbGMkRmFIQPAeGjlLHA5CSDMYSK7Ung2Sg7eLxZR6cGcNhT1l2fydiv7AHKN6yyGYr3v2UCTcGLEdH-_Cx1K0sDNdma-qbawhHAA/s640/cast%20net.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNYVPP66HfUGKRfQ01sgZ1A0W2LRCZJye4hF7DfGNYahuRObGGBLwFAX1Mt7zSYB7GtqLx2Y8AGVW4XCWFgckCoLFbGMkRmFIQPAeGjlLHA5CSDMYSK7Ung2Sg7eLxZR6cGcNhT1l2fydiv7AHKN6yyGYr3v2UCTcGLEdH-_Cx1K0sDNdma-qbawhHAA/w400-h268/cast%20net.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">(<b><i>Cast net</i></b>)</div><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HOW TO CLASSIFY
AND DESCRIBE THE COMMON FISHING GEARS USED IN THE FISHERY INDUSTRY<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Introduction</b></i><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #222222; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">From ancient days up to this present day, fishing has
constantly been accomplished by way of using gear. Other than using bare
fingers to capture fish, most fishermen have used gear and those are usually
referred to as fishing gears. As the science of fishing developed, so have the
equipment employed become increasingly more sophisticated. The form of fishing
tools hired by means of a fisherman is generally determined by the type of
fishing one is engaged in, whether or not one is actively or passively fishing
determines what equipment to employ. Active fishing refers to the situation in
which the fisherman does not wait for the fish to come to the bait, he actively
seeks for and captures them. Passive fishing is the direct opposite of active
fishing. It does not involve actively chasing the fish. The fisherman just waits
the fish to approach a fishing line or a trap already set. In this text, we
will provide the diverse fishing equipment on the market these days, and
additionally describe them for easy identification.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>TYPES OF
FISHING GEAR USED IN ACTIVE FISHING </b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Cast net </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cast nets
are a few of the equipment for active fishing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This net is often used by one person, typically in shallow waters. To
cast the net successfully, the fisherman needs to release the bait while
standing in the water. He holds the net in his dominant hand. He swings and
releases the net directly to a desired spot. Cast nets are a common piece of
fishing gadget, but gifted handlers of the net are able to successfully use it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Trawl net</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another type
of fishing gear used for fishing is called trawl. The trawl uses a large net
which is dragged through the water. As the trawl is dragged, the fish collects
into the net. The trawl is used to catch different types of fish species. Some
of the species include herring, mackerel, tuna, shrimp, squid, shrimp, and
others. A trawl consists of two large bags which are connected by a frame. In
the front is a funnel-shaped opening. It is fixed behind a boat and as the boat
moves, the trawl is dragged along the ocean floor and collects the different
types of fish from along its path in the water. The trawl is equipped with a “codend”.
This “codend” is a device that collects the fish but prevents them from
escaping. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Dredge net</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A dredge is
a type of fishing gear used by commercial fishing vessels. They are typically
employed in the harvesting of seafood from the ocean floor. Some of the seafood
captured with a dredge include scallops, shrimp, oysters, clams, and crabs. The
dredge is a large, metal frame with heavy chain mesh as an attachment. The
dredge is dragged along the seafloor and the mesh bags collect the organisms
living on the seafloor. The dredge is typically towed behind a boat and the
organisms are collected and brought up to the surface. This gear is commonly
used for harvesting shrimp, oysters, clams, and crabs. Dredging is an effective
way to gather large amounts of fish in a short amount of time.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Seine net</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
fishing gear used in the industry is called seine net. It is a type of fishing
net that is vertically hanged in the water. In order to keep it floating, weights
are attached to the bottom edges. It is the type of fishing gear mostly used in
shallow waters to capture fish. Seine nets can be used in rivers, oceans and at
the shorelines of lakes. This is how the seine net is employed; Two groups of
people, holding either side of the net, pull the net in a circular motion. The
aim is to encircle the fish. Once the net is encircled, it is drawn to the shore.
It is here that the catch is collected. The net is then drawn to the shore,
where the catch can be collected. Some types of fish the seine net can catch include
herring, smelts, mackerel, and salmon. One very good thing about the use of
seine net is that, it can be used to harvest very large quantities of fish at a
go.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Scoop net</b></i><i style="font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Scoop nets
are a type of fishing gear typically used for catching bait fish. They are
typically made from a wire mesh or plastic mesh and have a handle with a long
hoop at one end. The hoop is used to scoop up the fish from the water. The mesh
of the net ensures that the fish can't escape while they are being scooped up.
The size of the net determines what kind of fish it can catch, with larger ones
being able to catch bigger fish. Scoop nets are usually used in shallow water,
and they are often used by recreational anglers.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>TYPES OF
FISHING GEAR USED IN PASSIVE FISHING</b> <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Hooking
devices</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Hooking
devices are one of the most common and effective forms of fishing gear, used by
passive fisher folks. They consist of a line attached to a hook, which is used
to catch fish. Hooks come in a variety of sizes and styles, depending on the
type of fish being targeted. They are typically used with bait, lures, and jigs
to attract and catch fish. Hooks come in both barbed and barbless varieties,
with barbed hooks more commonly used for larger fish and barbless hooks ideal
for smaller species. Hooks can also be weighted to help with casting and to
keep them in the water for longer. Hooking devices are an essential piece of
fishing gear for any angler.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyN7DVTwVHm2GDMUgMyYFZRvTwG20M9cB7qpLXIT9AxjfIt_b6xPRU-U2FLMw_g1YwAhncSPZ93mXk3ggNzvOPb_JJM9L1EY5lcfmSk9QIII1cWX21ImsgWw-FnzSNKMbHlpUCK7eslloY94riVMzE1NslOFBC5DxlV3TtExxaTi3zl1YhIvxyQDReeA/s640/hooks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="640" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyN7DVTwVHm2GDMUgMyYFZRvTwG20M9cB7qpLXIT9AxjfIt_b6xPRU-U2FLMw_g1YwAhncSPZ93mXk3ggNzvOPb_JJM9L1EY5lcfmSk9QIII1cWX21ImsgWw-FnzSNKMbHlpUCK7eslloY94riVMzE1NslOFBC5DxlV3TtExxaTi3zl1YhIvxyQDReeA/w400-h305/hooks.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: center;">(<i><b>Hooking device</b></i>)</div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Stationary
nets<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Stationary
nets are a type of fishing gear that are set in a specific area and left in
place for a period of time. These nets are typically made from a strong,
lightweight material such as nylon and are usually weighted down with rocks or
other heavy objects. Stationary nets are used to catch a variety of fish,
including salmon, herring, cod, and mackerel. They can be set in rivers,
streams, lakes, and oceans. In some cases, stationary nets are used with other
fishing gear such as traps, seines, and trawls. Stationary nets are effective
because they are easy to set up and can be left in place for long periods of
time, allowing the fishermen to return to the same location and harvest their
catch. Stationary nets are an important part of commercial fishing.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Tangle nets<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Tangle nets are a type of fishing gear
that involves a horizontal line with a series of vertical lines attached to it.
The vertical lines are connected to the horizontal line by means of a series of
knots which form an intricate web-like pattern. This web-like pattern is
designed to trap and hold a variety of fish, including shrimp, crabs, and even
small fish. The tangle net is typically constructed from a strong, durable
material such as nylon or polyester and is often weighted down near the bottom
of the net to help keep it in place. The net is typically placed in shallow
water and then is left to drift through the current, allowing the net to become
entangled with any fish that may be swimming nearby. Once the net is full, it
is retrieved and the fish that were caught are removed. Tangle nets are an
effective way to catch baitfish, shrimp, and other small aquatic organisms, and
are commonly used by commercial fishermen and recreational anglers.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnymIiA-R3TqtOekPhBmXMCsghgh8UQ13OVxIgZXN6tMI6ucEt4x_CqBgO9zhHOhktXRzu1rhQJTVo3K-i5uXCYP8NiujeCwxh0GLB2KDORK1w6qnYztxbpEfRp8lyVGmJLEd3WdFhXQ81ZqRh-UvCQBCn95oqYNSm4v1d9DS9i4stvrYaSrR107K2fQ/s640/trap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="640" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnymIiA-R3TqtOekPhBmXMCsghgh8UQ13OVxIgZXN6tMI6ucEt4x_CqBgO9zhHOhktXRzu1rhQJTVo3K-i5uXCYP8NiujeCwxh0GLB2KDORK1w6qnYztxbpEfRp8lyVGmJLEd3WdFhXQ81ZqRh-UvCQBCn95oqYNSm4v1d9DS9i4stvrYaSrR107K2fQ/w400-h268/trap.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">(</span><i style="font-size: large;"><b>Fishing Trap</b></i><span style="font-size: large;">) </span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Fishing Traps</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Traps are a
type of fishing gear that is used to capture fish and other aquatic creatures.
They are designed to create a contained location that lets in fish but prevents
them from leaving. Traps are commonly set in areas where there may be a
concentration of fish, near a reef, in a shallow region, or near a shape. They
can be baited with a selection of various styles of bait, or left without a bait.
The type of bait used will depend on the type of fish being targeted. Traps
come in a variety of sizes and styles, and can be constructed from different of
materials which includes plastic, wire mesh, or timber. They are commonly set
in place with a weight or line, and left to sit for a period of time. Once the
fish gathers into the trap, it is removed from the water and the catch is
emptied.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Conclusion</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">We can
conclude that the absence of fishing gears in the fishing industry can spell
doom for the industry, they are a vital check list of the industry. The
categorization and description of fishing gear is important if we want to understand
how complex and varied fishing is. If fishing gears are properly classified and
described, fishermen can better understand the types of fishing gear available.
Such information can enable them to make informed decisions on which fishing
gears to use, subject to what type of fishing they want to engage in. It will also
ensure that they settle for the best equipment for a successful fishing trip.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"><b> Also Read:</b></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><o:p><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/describe-some-harmful-fishing-practices-and-how-they-affect-fishery-habitat.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Some harmful fishing practices and how they affect fish habitat</span></a><br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/what-are-the-negative-effects-of-aquatic-alien-invasive-species-like-water-hyacinth-water-lettuce-papyrus-reed-hornwort-on-fishery-harbitats-fishery-organisms-and-fisher-men-and-women-in-ghana-nigeria-sierra-lieone-liberia-and-the-united-states-of-america.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">What are the effects of aquatic invasive alien species on fishery habitats, fishery organisms and fishermen/women.</span></a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/how-can-ghana-nigeria-and-other-nations-prevent-and-control-alien-invavasive-species-like-water-hyacinth-water-lettuce-and-hornwort-fishiries-industry.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">How can a nation prevent and control alien invasive species like water hyacinths, water lettuce, hornwort and others?</span></a><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a></span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/fisheries-fisheries-syllabus-has-been.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Go to other topics in fisheries</span></a><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><br /><p></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-25277444680487433432023-05-22T15:08:00.000-07:002023-05-22T15:08:55.555-07:00Describe some harmful fishing practices and how they affect fishery habitats<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg39GtzC61KR8wd4uFKb7BwSWUnPXd8Nkk9rHEDYIy4hyZc-ZINQbHDPB7Ru9almFALq0OZ76GPMu-Fmz8b6g0GMBgibIiNB1VvSYf2cNQxfQwnENCjjUVtWVe_gIh92rq3kyadTiNLOWFxgKspWcKoaPjMx-G7pWLUz_GgBoyGI8IoRRwO2Ray9CFbuQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="640" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg39GtzC61KR8wd4uFKb7BwSWUnPXd8Nkk9rHEDYIy4hyZc-ZINQbHDPB7Ru9almFALq0OZ76GPMu-Fmz8b6g0GMBgibIiNB1VvSYf2cNQxfQwnENCjjUVtWVe_gIh92rq3kyadTiNLOWFxgKspWcKoaPjMx-G7pWLUz_GgBoyGI8IoRRwO2Ray9CFbuQ" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>DESCRIBE HARMFUL FISHING PRACTICES
AND THEIR EFFECTS ON FISHERY HABITATS</b><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Fishing is a highly important part of life in Ghana, whether
it is for enjoyment or commerce. Although some fishing methods are quite
excellent, others are thought to be damaging to the environment and have
significant negative influence on the entire marine ecology. The viability of
the fishing sector cannot be guaranteed by destructive fishing techniques. In
this article, we will examine the list of harmful fishing practices and how
they affect the ecosystem. Some examples of harmful fishing practices include
bottom trawling, ghost fishing, shark finning, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HARMFUL FISHING PRACTICES AND THEIR EFFECTS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Bottom
Trawling </i><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bottom
trawling is a fishing technique used to catch fish living near the bottom of
the ocean. It involves dragging a large net along the seafloor, catching any
fish that are in its path. The net is typically made from heavy-duty material
and is designed to withstand the pressure of the ocean depths. It is usually
attached to a boat and dragged behind it, with a weight on the bottom to help
keep it in contact with the seafloor. As the boat moves, the net is dragged
along the seafloor, catching any fish in its way. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bottom
trawling has been described as harmful fishing practice because it not
discriminatory, it scoops a lot of sea creatures on the seafloor. This method
can also drastically slow down the growth of coral reefs and destroy fish
habitats. Sea grass, which provides shelter and food for juvenile fish may be
starved of food as a result of bottom trawling.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhzMDfvAUSwil2D3dL0U8vUSQfmTPkzhGgMWvIBwq22AezME5fSht3028zzlsMNGvPr_kg61OUqLVSCDA-GXdcFuOfLZalieOcD36eZlpvhYCSTqtFDwnegDPAKy4QBE4D5yGaheXj2yiJxp8QGR0xwMRQ_icwmUrgWaJFeLcp9jD_0iDR1Ur7bucWL0Q" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="427" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhzMDfvAUSwil2D3dL0U8vUSQfmTPkzhGgMWvIBwq22AezME5fSht3028zzlsMNGvPr_kg61OUqLVSCDA-GXdcFuOfLZalieOcD36eZlpvhYCSTqtFDwnegDPAKy4QBE4D5yGaheXj2yiJxp8QGR0xwMRQ_icwmUrgWaJFeLcp9jD_0iDR1Ur7bucWL0Q" width="160" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><i style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Bycatch</b></i><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A
fisher man goes to catch fish, he throws his net and catches a lot of fish. He
now realized that his net has caught other fishes that it was not intended to.
These unwanted fish have to be discarded. This is called bycatch. Bycatch is a
harmful fishing practice because it destroys the lives of other animals such
as, turtles, dolphins, sharks etc. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Bycatch can be devastating to marine life and
ecosystems, as it often results in the death of the animals. Bycatch can
include species that are not targeted by fishermen, such as sharks, turtles,
dolphins, and seabirds, as well as juvenile fish and other species that are not
suitable for commercial use. Bycatch can also result in the destruction of
critical fish habitat and can negatively affect the health of the entire ocean ecosystem.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Ghost
Fishing <o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ghost
fishing refers to the condition where fish and other aquatic life forms are
caught by abandoned fishing gear. There are situations where some fishing gear
is lost and left in the water body. This fishing gears, like long lines, remain
in the water and continues to entangle and kill marine life. These catches are
not intended but occurs all the same. Ghost fishing can occur when lost items
such as longlines, nets, and other fishing gear are left behind in the ocean
and continue to fish. This can lead to the entanglement of marine mammals,
seabirds, and other species, resulting in death or injury. Ghost fishing also
leads to the destruction of habitats and the displacement of fish and other
species. Ghost fishing has a lot of negative effects on the ecosystem.
Non-targeted species are accidentally captured, for example, and this may lead
to the decline in population of some species. There is also the problem of
marine debris.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Shark
Finning <o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Shark
fin soup is one of the delicacies on the menu of many restaurants. However, the
process of obtaining the shark fin is harmful. When a shark is caught, the fin
is removed and the rest of the body is discarded. This type of fishing practice
is a very harmful one. Shark finning a major cause of overfishing. It threatens
the existence of other aquatic organisms. In the long term, shark finning can
threaten their population and damage the marine ecosystem. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Use
of Cyanide <o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Some
people use cyanide to fish, though it is an illegal and dangerous practice. They
make a few drops into the water and once the fish come into contact with it,
they are stunned and reduces their agility. This makes them easier to catch. In
Ghana, it is illegal to use cyanide to fish. One serious problem associated
with the use of cyanide is that it poses a threat to the ecosystem. The coral
reefs are then unable to provide food and shelter as should be the case.
Eventually, the population of some aquatic organisms may be reduced or may even
become extinct. Using cyanide can lead to the ingestion of the same since the
products get contaminated.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Use
of Explosives <o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
harmful fishing practice is the use of explosives. Explosives are used to
generate shock waves in the water and this stuns the fish and immobilizes them
until they are scooped. Explosives are used by both commercial and recreational
fishermen. This method of fishing can destroy coral reefs and other aquatic habitats.
Apart from destruction to coral reefs, it can lead to the death of fish and
other marine organisms. Explosives are made from chemicals, so using them to
fish can lead to the release toxic chemicals into the water. This poses danger
to ecosystems. It can also contaminate water and make them unwholesome to drink.
The people who use the explosives expose themselves to the hazardous chemicals
in the explosives. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Aquaculture
Impacts</i></b><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Aquaculture
refers to that type of farming where aquatic organisms are reared. Some of the
organisms reared include crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic plants. Aquaculture
is used to supplement traditional fishing activities and to help preserve
species that are becoming increasingly scarce due to overfishing. Aquaculture can
also provide a reliable, sustainable source of food and income for coastal
communities. Examples of aquaculture techniques include rearing fish in ponds,
cages, or tanks; cultivating seaweed or shellfish on ropes or trays; and
raising shrimp in man-made ponds. In addition, aquaculture can help to restore
damaged fisheries and habitats, as well as reduce the pressure on wild fish
stocks. Aquaculture has a lot of disadvantages. It destroys the natural habitat
of wild fish. The wild fish population can also contract diseases and parasites.
Through aquaculture, aquatic alien invasive species may be introduced into the
environment. Pollutants like fertilizers and antibiotics could be introduced into
the water, which can damage the quality of the water. Interference in the
migratory patterns of wild fish may also be caused by aquaculture.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Conclusion</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">To conclude, harmful fishing practices have negative consequences
marine ecosystems. If the practice is not properly controlled, it can destroy
habitat of marine life forms. Fishing will become unsustainable. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Also Read: </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/the-characteristics-of-fish-habitats-like-freshwater-brackish-water-marine-water-rivers-lagoons-ponds-streams-estuary-pelagic-demersal.html" target="_blank">The characteristics of fish habitats</a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/04/how-to-identify-and-describe-the-common-fisheries-organisms-like-tuna-tilapia-crab.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">How to identify and describe common fisheries organisms</span></a><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/fisheries-fisheries-syllabus-has-been.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in fisheries>></a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Go to the list of subjects>></span></a><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-16698036481977429082023-05-18T03:52:00.004-07:002023-05-18T10:33:45.085-07:00What are the beliefs associated with Ghanaian traditional marriage?<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8TfTgjiQXRVO67PJOrO7fetmlMpJ3sSW4PoRyElmBJ9QybRUKrFfAu6zUj6laluC5PM7dYbA-a6xXs4PgsC6PcFt2NlQSWXLlqzg2w3LysKaVeuPiv4RmQ3VMFc8RfE2Ho3M-FzJFOgUIg78MgWe4IPye7ypcba7S-FoyCVaZRPAW8AN58ny9qe3BxQ/s290/beliefs.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="290" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8TfTgjiQXRVO67PJOrO7fetmlMpJ3sSW4PoRyElmBJ9QybRUKrFfAu6zUj6laluC5PM7dYbA-a6xXs4PgsC6PcFt2NlQSWXLlqzg2w3LysKaVeuPiv4RmQ3VMFc8RfE2Ho3M-FzJFOgUIg78MgWe4IPye7ypcba7S-FoyCVaZRPAW8AN58ny9qe3BxQ/s1600/beliefs.jpg" width="290" /></a></div><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>WHAT ARE THE BELIEFS ASSOCIATED WITH GHANAIAN TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE?</b></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
act of marriage can be found in every culture including many cultures in Ghana.
In other words, marriage is a universal institution. This practice has been
there for many centuries. In many Ghanaian societies, traditional marriage is
an important part of the culture. It is grounded in their religious and social
beliefs. In order to have a sound understanding of the culture of many tribes
in Ghana, it is important to understand the beliefs related to it. In this
article, we will discuss the beliefs associated with traditional marriage.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>THE
BELIEFS ASSOCIATED WITH TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE IN GHANA<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Marriage
is a sacred union</b><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Marriage
is considered a sacred union and highly respected in Ghana due to its strong
cultural and religious ties. In Ghanaian culture, marriage is seen as a
lifelong commitment between couples and is a way to honour the union of two
families. It is also seen as a way to strengthen the bond between two people,
and to create a safe and secure home. Additionally, marriage is highly
respected in Ghana because it is a religious covenant between two people, and
is seen as a reflection of God’s love. Marriage is seen as a way to honour God,
and to demonstrate a commitment to Him as well as each other. Ultimately,
marriage is seen as a sacred union in Ghana because it is the foundation of a
strong and stable family.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>A
union between a man and a woman<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">One
of the beliefs associated with marriage in Ghana is that it is a union between
a man and a woman. This is because the cultural values of the people lay
emphasis on the importance of family as the primary unit of the society. It is
believed, traditionally, that a man and a woman complement each other and that
marriage provides the bedrock of a stable family unit and society. Marriage
provides an avenue for the society to procreate and perpetuate the population
of the people unto infinity. Marriages are expected to produce children. From
this point of view, same sex marriage is not traditionally non-Ghanaian and
therefore frowned upon.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNJea2iQiPKWpSc94OxCMFeADNap8J5sAojCgqoiRmmcjHURQfWGt3_DGDFpXFrhqZqJXFd4ZM3U90qxhKojXqYpNX4tayLx_D5ClltD6Crf6Xseu5tUGtyY_qJy2RYwxMh8UXQhDS3_5q8E7V-bz4pRdJE3Al471zwS4EIKJjUkffRWGWuObx7Aqw6Q/s290/Love%20card.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="290" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNJea2iQiPKWpSc94OxCMFeADNap8J5sAojCgqoiRmmcjHURQfWGt3_DGDFpXFrhqZqJXFd4ZM3U90qxhKojXqYpNX4tayLx_D5ClltD6Crf6Xseu5tUGtyY_qJy2RYwxMh8UXQhDS3_5q8E7V-bz4pRdJE3Al471zwS4EIKJjUkffRWGWuObx7Aqw6Q/w400-h290/Love%20card.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><i style="font-size: large;"><b><p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></i></span></p>Divorce
is unacceptable</b></i><p></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
Ghanaian societies, divorce is something that is generally accepted. No matter
how difficult the marriage has become, the enders try so much to prevent divorce.
The cultural belief is that divorce disrupts the family unit. If divorce
occurs, it is regarded as a failure, on the part of the couple, to uphold the vows
they took at the time of the marriage. The only time when divorce is accepted
is after all other attempts have failed and there is no other way of making the
couple stay together as husband and wife.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>It
creates and strengthen bonds between families</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
belief underlying traditional marriage in Ghana is that, it establishes a bond
between two families, the family of the man and that of the woman. In the past,
marriages were contracted between families that have known each other for
several years and sometimes it is not uncommon to see marriage between two
closely related families. Today, because of urbanization, people meet far away
from home and even marry people from other tribes. Even then, time is taken to
know at least the immediate families at the initial stages and then subsequent
efforts are made to know other members of the family, starting from the day of
the marriage ceremonies, where all family people are introduced. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>A
recipe for strong and healthy families</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Marriage
is also seen as a social institution, able to provide a foundation for strong,
healthy families. It also provides a secure environment for children. It also
creates a secure, loving environment for children, where they can feel safe and
loved, and can flourish, both emotionally and academically. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Women
are expected to be submissive to their husbands <o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Traditionally,
men are considered as the breadwinners of the traditional Ghanaian home. For
this reason, the men are expected to provide for the home and to meet the needs
of the family. Women, on the other hand, are expected to be in charge of domestic
duties of the house and they have been expected to be trained by their mothers
for this role in the society. Women are therefore traditionally expected to
submit to their husbands. Today, the dynamics have changed, because women are
now able to work and able to contribute meaningfully, towards the upkeep of the
home and men are increasingly able to help in doing the chores at home.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Polygamy
is acceptable </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
Ghanaian traditional marriage, men are allowed to marry two or more women. In
the olden days, the man was expected to at least inform the wife about his
intentions to marry a second woman. Polygamy is therefore an accepted norm.
Today, the law allows the husband, who did not marry under the Ordinance Law,
to take a second or even third wives. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Premarital
sex is a taboo <o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
ancient times, before modernity, couples were expected to abstain from sex
until they were married. The were elaborate ceremonies to usher young girls
into puberty, to indicate to the society that the girls have attained the age
where they could be taken as brides. Part of the ceremony required the girls to
have been proven as virgins. It was taboo to find that a girl had known a man
before she was given in marriage. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Conclusion</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Traditional
beliefs in marriage is a well-established thing in Ghana. Marriage is a sacred
union between two families. The beliefs associated with traditional marriage,
like the importance of respecting elders, celebrating with family, and
upholding the values of honesty and loyalty, help to enrich the experience of
the union and bring a meaningful sense of community and belonging to the
couple. These beliefs, along with the rituals and customs of the traditional
marriage ceremony, make it a cherished and beloved part of Ghanaian culture.</span></span></p><p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Also Read:</b></span></span></p><p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2016/07/traditional-marriage.html" target="_blank">The importance of traditional marriage in Ghana</a><br /></span></span></p><p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/04/why-it-is-importance-to-marry.html" target="_blank">Why is it important to marry</a><br /></span></p><p><br /></p><p><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/social-studies_29.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in Social Studies>></a><br /></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-43659685443912709462023-05-14T22:31:00.000-07:002023-05-14T22:31:33.296-07:00What are the effects of aquatic invasive alien species on fishery habitats, fishery organisms and fishermen/women.<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhExudQP17n38QhOM6SZo9u5rvBuJTYiFdgwiiaex6yAlZZz1PKMBt2hBPwLST0e8e8B0YTi3xrZ9C0NIU3GPIbR_YyOLOH5z9o6DaNb281DUlykfMn9HmH4wvv4fWaanqcpFEQYrvudBz_9uW-9ED5vfLT09K_wql7u7GvrMOxRihkexO-nhhqc8xJ5g/s640/lettuce.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="431" data-original-width="640" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhExudQP17n38QhOM6SZo9u5rvBuJTYiFdgwiiaex6yAlZZz1PKMBt2hBPwLST0e8e8B0YTi3xrZ9C0NIU3GPIbR_YyOLOH5z9o6DaNb281DUlykfMn9HmH4wvv4fWaanqcpFEQYrvudBz_9uW-9ED5vfLT09K_wql7u7GvrMOxRihkexO-nhhqc8xJ5g/w400-h270/lettuce.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: center;">(<b><i>Water lettuce</i></b>)</div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF AQUATIC INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES ON
FISHERY HABITATS, FISHERY ORGANISMS AND FISHERMEN/WOMEN?</b></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Plants
that are considered non-native to an environment are referred to as alien
invasive species. These alien invasive species may either have been introduced
to the new environment deliberately or just by accident. They are capable of
causing great harm to their new habitat. Some examples of alien invasive species
(AIS) that are common in water or fish habitat include but is not limited to water
hyacinth, water lettuce, hornwort, papyrus reed etc. Aquatic invasive alien
species (AIS) is a major threat to aquatic ecosystems, fisheries habitats, and fishery
organisms. This article discusses how alien invasive species negatively impacts
fish habitats, fishery organisms and the fisheries industry. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Effects
of alien invasive species (AIS) on fish habitat<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">One
of the greatest problems associated with the fisheries industry has to do with
alien invasive species. The presence of these invasive species in water bodies
can have very negative effect on fish habitats. One of the reasons why they are
a problem is that because of their invasive nature, they compete with other native
species. For example, they share the available food in the space and their habitats
with the native species. Another danger that the alien invasive species pose is
that of negatively impacting the quality of water in the habitat. Also, they
may introduce and spread diseases into the space. Distortion of the food chain
in the habitat is another negative impact on the ecosystem. Some alien invasive
species can even cause native species to disappear from the system. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ4UdTyjDwiMDaIRFnRtX_NPdCtpy2bgsb_asew_04rnNnVwkkAMSXZbBIiJRqNrn0uvMUM8Dh2jtVT_96oj1mkhstbiAwkTRTcwk8yUVlDgzKup20tGlVr625Mj32AJFkd1_TrMYXSb2vMG_yd6ZEKqr9BDgYil7ZZhDYR-ZLoAq2XVF_Yk5q15wsbg/s640/hyacinth.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ4UdTyjDwiMDaIRFnRtX_NPdCtpy2bgsb_asew_04rnNnVwkkAMSXZbBIiJRqNrn0uvMUM8Dh2jtVT_96oj1mkhstbiAwkTRTcwk8yUVlDgzKup20tGlVr625Mj32AJFkd1_TrMYXSb2vMG_yd6ZEKqr9BDgYil7ZZhDYR-ZLoAq2XVF_Yk5q15wsbg/w300-h400/hyacinth.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">(</span><i style="font-size: large;"><b>Water hyacinth</b></i><span style="font-size: large;">)</span></div><p></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Effects
of alien invasive species (AIS) on Fisheries organisms</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
aspect of the fishery’s industry affected by alien invasive species are fisheries
organisms. Some of the fisheries organism affected include fish, shellfish, and
other aquatic species. For instance, alien invasive species compete for food
with the native plants and even the space within the habitat. They can disturb native
ecosystems. It is not uncommon for alien invasive species to even introduce to
their new abode. Again, alien invasive species can cause damage fish habitats and
thereby causing harm to fisheries organisms. For example, as water hyacinth
covers the surface of the water, it prevents the Sun from directly hitting the
water. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Effects
of alien invasive species (AIS) on Fishermen<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #1d2228;">Invasive alien species can have a very negative
impact on fisherfolks. The reason being that, as mentioned earlier, their
presence in an ecosystem can lead to a reduction in the number of fish native
to the area so that fishermen would now catch less fish than before. This will
subsequently affect catches and reduce their income. Invasive alien species can
also change the turbidity and temperature of the water to a point where the
fish would have to adapt other habits to survive. This will cause fishermen to change
their fishing strategies. Finally, as the invasive species colonize the new
environment, they introduce new diseases which can negatively affect the fish
population and further reduce fish numbers, which then reduce their catch and
reduce their economic fortunes.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Conclusion</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Overall,
the analysis of the effects of aquatic invasive alien species on fishery
habitats, fishery organisms and fishers has revealed that these species can
have a significant and devastating impact on the environment and local
communities. With the introduction of new species and the spread of existing
species, the threats posed to the aquatic environment are increasing. It is
therefore essential that governments and other organizations take effective
measures to reduce and prevent the spread of aquatic invasive alien species and
their effects. Only by taking such measures can we ensure the protection of our
habitats and the future of our fisheries.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <b>Also Read:</b></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/what-are-the-characteristics-of-alien-invasive-species-like-water-hyacinth-water-lettuce-papyrus-reed-hornwort-in-fisheri-harbitats-in-ghana-and-nigeria.html" target="_blank">The characteristics of invasive alien species</a><br /></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/how-can-ghana-nigeria-and-other-nations-prevent-and-control-alien-invavasive-species-like-water-hyacinth-water-lettuce-and-hornwort-fishiries-industry.html" target="_blank">How to prevent and control invasive alien species in your country</a><br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a><br /></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/fisheries-fisheries-syllabus-has-been.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in fisheries>></a><br /></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-29489308380276492362023-05-14T22:13:00.001-07:002023-05-14T22:13:50.301-07:00How can a nation prevent and control alien invasive species like water hyacinths, water lettuce, hornwort and others?<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH7JtOSP8kKt4bzSRyLsvqbAwAuIvhyVIn1WoCr3PMhtk6uNYaX0_q-PV9BHR8JWpj0ERAHd6BFDvWuQWJZ15PzUZJDPoCsf1WOGBigeY3OJwwuHqHOwkyiGWNZ2OYfGzndBKdxFPslxS07-zIw1FtFkBg_Mfund9xnu4JEDAYkRAaDs6HkXC6kc29lw/s640/water-hyacinth_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH7JtOSP8kKt4bzSRyLsvqbAwAuIvhyVIn1WoCr3PMhtk6uNYaX0_q-PV9BHR8JWpj0ERAHd6BFDvWuQWJZ15PzUZJDPoCsf1WOGBigeY3OJwwuHqHOwkyiGWNZ2OYfGzndBKdxFPslxS07-zIw1FtFkBg_Mfund9xnu4JEDAYkRAaDs6HkXC6kc29lw/w400-h268/water-hyacinth_2.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(<b><i>Hornwort</i></b>)</span></div><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HOW TO PREVENT AND CONTROL OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES IN
FISHERY HABITATS TO ENHANCE FISH PRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">One of the great threats to the health of aquatic ecosystems
and fisheries habitats is what is referred to as alien invasive species or AIS.
It is one of the greatest threats because the invasive alien species have the
capacity to outcompete the species native to the habitats and alter the
environment. Some of these invasive alien species include water hyacinth, water
lettuce, and hornwort. They are also able to spread diseases and parasites.
They can reduce the availability of food in the ecosystem. In this article, we
will discuss the various methods that can be employed to prevent and control
these alien invasive species so that countries can take control of their
fisheries habitat to make maximum gain from them. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HOW TO PREVENT AND CONTROL ALIEN INVASIVE SPECIES</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Awareness creation</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">One of the most effective methods that can be used in the
prevention and control of alien invasive species is to create awareness. It is
probable that many people do not know about the negative effects of these alien
invasive species. People need to be aware, be able to identify the plants, its
mode of propagation etc., This awareness creation may take the form of public
campaigns using flyers, adverts on Television and radio, banners at vantage
points along water bodies. One can also use Social Media handles to drive this
awareness creation. Public discussions on the issue on radio and TV is another
option. These campaigns will educate people on the importance of preventing and
controlling the invasive alien species.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Screening at entry points </b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another method to use in preventing and controlling the
alien invasive species is by screening people who enter the country through the
entry points. In many parts of the world, people use different routes to enter
another country. People may use land borders, air and Sea ports. Others may
even use unapproved routes as their point of entry. In all these cases,
measures must be put in place to ensure that whatever plant species or seeds
they are bringing in is properly scrutinized. This will ensure that if there
are any invasive alien species coming in, they can be seized and destroyed. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTw78Ya0BPkKAdUPyy1Gfx32TpQKC7QmQxNFSvncZB3kDzfb39ps8QFog2BPh_RukXYxrExnmZIW70QQcTjQQJnKzay19nirb5XM9pBqjJAZJWJNOUZvpIdDlk1_JYFUmcIP_Nc68ARJWzLAlVb8GUiysQ0TQS4JY1SPDb2026b2CTHtbC5pFVPuL6JQ/s640/water-hyacinth_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTw78Ya0BPkKAdUPyy1Gfx32TpQKC7QmQxNFSvncZB3kDzfb39ps8QFog2BPh_RukXYxrExnmZIW70QQcTjQQJnKzay19nirb5XM9pBqjJAZJWJNOUZvpIdDlk1_JYFUmcIP_Nc68ARJWzLAlVb8GUiysQ0TQS4JY1SPDb2026b2CTHtbC5pFVPuL6JQ/w400-h268/water-hyacinth_2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">(<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Water hyacinth</b></i></span>)</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Enforcement of plant protection laws</i></b></span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Countries can also prevent and control alien invasive
species by their enforcement of plant protection laws.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The state must as a matter of agency pass
legislation, if they do not already exist, and make sure that these
legislations are enforced to the letter. Anyone who flouts these regulations
must be made to face the full rigours of the law. In Ghana, there is the Plant
Protection & Regulation Services Department of the Ministry of Agriculture
in Ghana. In Nigeria they have the Nigerian Agricultural Quarantine Service. In
Liberia, there is the Liberia Plant Protection Regulatory Services Bureau under
the Mistry of Agriculture. It is the candid opinion of this writer that if the
laws are enforced, it would lead to the prevention and control of these
invasive alien species.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Physical control<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Though this method is labour intensive, alien invasive plant
species can be physically controlled. For example, gangs of young men can be
employed and transported to the Volta Lake, for example, where they would
manually cut water hyacinth into canoes and brought back ashore. Small boats
fitted with cutter can also be taken onto the water body to mechanically cut
these invasive plant species and brought ashore for onward destruction. This
can cut down on the rate of propagation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Biological control<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">One can also prevent and control alien invasive species
biologically. Natural enemies of these species can be introduced into the
ecosystem to overpower them. For example, the natural enemies of water hyacinth,
like weevils, and beetles can be introduced into the space. Since the beetles
or weevils feed on these invasive species, it can suppress its growth. Also,
when sediments are removed from the bottom of the water, it can prevent or slow
down the rate of growth and spread. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Incentive and reward mechanisms</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Also, we can use reward and incentives to prevent and
control alien invasive species. We cam institute a reward mechanism for
reporting sighting of alien invasive species in or on water bodies. For
instance, if an individual or organization reports sighting an alien invasive
species, that individual is rewarded in cash or in kind. If the rate of participation
is high and sightings are promptly reported, it can go a long way to control
water species like water hyacinth and water lettuce for example. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Research and development<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Further research into the phenomenon of alien invasive
species is another method that can be used to control and prevent alien
invasive species. Where research and development is already established to
research into alien invasive species, governments can also support with funding
to ensure there is enough available to research into the issue and come up with
workable solutions to solve the problem.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Other methods that can be used include, public-private
partnerships, early warning and rapid response systems, promotion of best
practices, development of risk management mechanisms.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Conclusion</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">The complexity of the control and prevention of alien
invasive species is not something to be glossed over. Since this is a matter
national emergency, it is important for governments, businesses, and
individuals to come together and work to identify the sources of invasions and
to assess its effects the environment and subsequently on the economy. If the
above discussed methods are implemented, we can the impacts of alien invasive
species can be managed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Also Read:</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/what-are-the-characteristics-of-alien-invasive-species-like-water-hyacinth-water-lettuce-papyrus-reed-hornwort-in-fisheri-harbitats-in-ghana-and-nigeria.html" target="_blank">What are the characteristics of alien invasive species?</a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects</a>>><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/fisheries-fisheries-syllabus-has-been.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in fisheries>></a><br /></p><br /><p></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-71964695130748166012023-05-11T21:37:00.003-07:002023-05-11T21:37:47.684-07:00What are the characteristics of invasive alien species like water hyacinth, water lettuce, papyrus reed and hornwort in fishery habitats<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYTCJUIdVG19lImT5p8BRwO4vFFHP1A_-yLioNOlu7yp8TTU83GuqT4CvXpzA09aYIe2YoHbGnseDkbcIIz8-R7CbKR66RqPrthCIFCLUuNb6tNJVVKylJ7AyX9lL4BOeiFOTWcOXSK9pScrBxbO4QMemWKWlTCrCX0wMNErYg8rYXWz5d3nkcPw9avA/s640/water-hyacinth-.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYTCJUIdVG19lImT5p8BRwO4vFFHP1A_-yLioNOlu7yp8TTU83GuqT4CvXpzA09aYIe2YoHbGnseDkbcIIz8-R7CbKR66RqPrthCIFCLUuNb6tNJVVKylJ7AyX9lL4BOeiFOTWcOXSK9pScrBxbO4QMemWKWlTCrCX0wMNErYg8rYXWz5d3nkcPw9avA/w400-h268/water-hyacinth-.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">(<i><b>Water hyacinth</b></i>)</div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES LIKE WATER
HYACINTH, WATER LETTUCE, PAPYRUS REED HORNWORT, ETC., IN FISHERY HABITATS</i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Introduction</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Invasive alien species have become a major problem in many parts
of the world. These non-native species often spread quickly and cause
significant ecological, economic, and social damage. In this article, we will
identify and describe some alien invasive species such as water hyacinth,
Papyrus reed, water lettuce, and more. We will explore their morphology, mode
of propagation, growth and development.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Water hyacinth (Eichorniacrassipes) </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Water
hyacinth is one of the common alien invasive species in the world. The leaves
of the plant are bright green and the flower is purple in colour. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its leaf is fan-shaped. It also has thick and
spongy stalks and the roots are thick and fibrous. The leaves are oval to
heart-shaped and can reach up to 20 cm in length.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
water hyacinth plant is able to quickly adapt to its environment. It can also
by a variety of methods. One common way by which it spread is by the use of
water currents. It can also be spread by the wind. Humans also constitute a
major mode of spread when they when they transport the plant from one location
to another. Typically, the seeds of the water hyacinth plant can thrive for
many years so it can reproduce rapidly through the seeds. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">One
important characteristic about the water hyacinth is that, it can grow and
develop rapidly. Within a space of weeks, the plant can form dense mats to
cover an entire water body. When this happens, the amount of light available
for other species is reduced. This subsequently reduces the amount of oxygen
available for other species. This can lead to a decrease in biodiversity and a
decrease in the number of fish in the area.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ3jpFPMsyXaWZ-b8dSE6oepH_tfGkX7-ZJwsfep79b0-fMcnfPfKnORbXevDObG06XLpSAcTrWO6VBsOwDc6MRNXmGFfJf2WLUx3PmFVP9z4i9ZHVyBgF4lrE-aS5UIXtG5kzuST9VP01SzcOkeYBmF1jck3oMf9_v8LqntFq1adgGcBhzKa_wnhgLw/s640/papyrus%20reed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="457" data-original-width="640" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ3jpFPMsyXaWZ-b8dSE6oepH_tfGkX7-ZJwsfep79b0-fMcnfPfKnORbXevDObG06XLpSAcTrWO6VBsOwDc6MRNXmGFfJf2WLUx3PmFVP9z4i9ZHVyBgF4lrE-aS5UIXtG5kzuST9VP01SzcOkeYBmF1jck3oMf9_v8LqntFq1adgGcBhzKa_wnhgLw/w400-h286/papyrus%20reed.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">(<i><b>Papyrus reed</b></i>)</span></div><div style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: left;"><i><b>Papyrus reed (Cyperus papyrus)</b></i></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another important alien invasive species is called Papyrus reed.
This water plant is very tall, sometimes up to 15 feet. It has a triangular
shaped stem and ribbon-like leaves. The leaves are long and narrow. The mode of
propagation for this plant is through rhyzomes. The rhyzomes are underground
and can produce new shoots. This plant thrives in wet soil and shallow water. It
takes just 90 days for the plant to mature. This invasive alien species is a
huge problem for the fishing industry. This is because the reeds can clog up
fishing rods, reels, and nets. The plant can inhibit the movement of fish. Is
also serves as a barrier to the level of oxygen in the water. The low levels of
oxygen can affect the health of the fish.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Kariba weed (Salviniamolesta)</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
type of alien invasive species is called Salviniamolesta. It is commonly called
Kariba weed. The plant is native to South America and can propagate and spread very
quickly when first introduced to new bodies of water. The Kariba weed has a
bright green colour and floats freely on the water body forming a dense mat across
the surface of the water. It can grow up to a height of 20cm. The Kariba weed
is easily spread by the wind, birds, and other animals. The weed spreads
quickly to new water bodies and once it is established at a new place, it
overpowers other plants in the area and distorts the biodiversity of the area. Since
Kariba weed can easily and quickly grow and spread over the top of the water.
It is able to hamper the movement of boats on the water. It can also clog
fishing nets and other fishing equipment. Other problems that Kariba weeds can
cause include the ability to clog water in-lets and outflows. Like other alien
invasive species, it can reduce the amount of oxygen in the water and thereby
disturbing the quality of water.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLEntM0enbXBBYtBpLzDtSefUIxF-url8_5HZ84lhsQKleXo4ukWZ-jeJwKxIEGVBTBFVIZ2VeJ6aQPGBozoWqkJmmQsJeL9KRQogCOv6ArIeV8Gj27hEKmEetIvbZG9XSh_PHDUsh6PVuS7ApsFTVMi9na58yOzG-xKr2IPANlfJfVFXKbPZYfg0tXw/s640/water%20lettuce.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLEntM0enbXBBYtBpLzDtSefUIxF-url8_5HZ84lhsQKleXo4ukWZ-jeJwKxIEGVBTBFVIZ2VeJ6aQPGBozoWqkJmmQsJeL9KRQogCOv6ArIeV8Gj27hEKmEetIvbZG9XSh_PHDUsh6PVuS7ApsFTVMi9na58yOzG-xKr2IPANlfJfVFXKbPZYfg0tXw/w400-h268/water%20lettuce.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><div style="text-align: center;">(<b>Water lettuce</b>)</div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>Water lettuce (Pistiastratiotes)</b></i></span></div><p></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">There
is also another invasive alien speices, Pistia stratiotes, commonly called water
lettuce. This is a floating aquatic plant. Its colour is bright green. It has
an oval-shape. This plant is native to tropical areas in Africa and in Asia.
Its mode of seed dispersal is by the wind and water. Its seeds are dispersed by
wind and water. New plants of the water lettuce can also be formed through the
small fragments of stem, root, or leaf. For a healthy growth, water lettuce
needs light, nutrients, and good temperature. In about two weeks. Water lettuce
is a huge problem for fish habitat and an interference fish life. The reason is
that it can clog the motors of boats. It reduces the oxygen levels in the water
since it is able to spread and cover the surface of the water. Once oxygen
level is reduced, aquatic life is affected because it reduces the amount of
food left for other life forms including those of fish. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Hornwort (Ceratophyllum sp.) </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Hornwort
is also an invasive alien species worth mentioning in this discussion. It is
common in still or slow-moving freshwater habitats. The plant is green. It does
not have true roots, stems and leaves, like other plants. Rather, it is made up
of flattened shoots. These shoots branch out from a central stem. The floats in
water. It is propagated by substrate. Hornwort is problem for fish habitat.
Since it grows quickly and is able spread much faster, it covers the surface of
the water and blocks sunlight. This reduces the level of oxygen in the water.
This is a big problem to fish because they cannot easily find their way around
to be able to find food. They are also not able to avoid their predators.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Conclusion</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Alien
invasive species have been identified to cause a lot of damage to the
environment, which can lead to a huge economic loss to aquatic ecosystems and
subsequently great loss to the state. This is only so, if they are not properly
managed. Governments all over the world, including those in Nigeria and Ghana,
must develop strategies to control them if they cannot be prevented. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Also read:</b> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/05/the-characteristics-of-fish-habitats-like-freshwater-brackish-water-marine-water-rivers-lagoons-ponds-streams-estuary-pelagic-demersal.html" target="_blank"> The characteristics of fish habitats like freshwater, brackish water and marine water bodies</a></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/04/how-to-identify-and-describe-the-common-fisheries-organisms-like-tuna-tilapia-crab.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">How to identify and describe common fisheries organisms</span></a><br /></span></p><p><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/fisheries-fisheries-syllabus-has-been.html" target="_blank">Go to the list of other topics in fisheries</a><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-48876264534930735162023-05-07T20:15:00.000-07:002023-05-07T20:15:55.826-07:00The characteristics of fish habitats like freshwater, brackish water and marine water bodies<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7degKwRm0v0oumkiC8Slfi1XZS20ZaloEKKeZKAbFCql_2mesEegdyhxtn8ww-3fMCkiW9Qg7s9Egxqa8ylRojfjtq66zHAJoP5ZnJtezRpDA4ayJ_fqzsajDL1IgVTo-BdO2EzxiJbI8Uh-WL2HZqO6IOINqvtWU_dP2-2lYn6JIUKjUXw8dvcN93A/s604/lake.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="604" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7degKwRm0v0oumkiC8Slfi1XZS20ZaloEKKeZKAbFCql_2mesEegdyhxtn8ww-3fMCkiW9Qg7s9Egxqa8ylRojfjtq66zHAJoP5ZnJtezRpDA4ayJ_fqzsajDL1IgVTo-BdO2EzxiJbI8Uh-WL2HZqO6IOINqvtWU_dP2-2lYn6JIUKjUXw8dvcN93A/w400-h225/lake.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>UNDERSTANDING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH HABITATS IN SUPPORTING FISH
POPULATIONS</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Only
30% of the earth’s surface is land, the rest is covered by water. The water is
classified into freshwater, brackish water and marine water. These are the
waters in which fish may live and this generally referred to as fish habitat. A
fish habitat is one the most complex and dynamic ecosystems in the world. This
is where fish grows and thrives. In this article, we will discuss the
importance of fish habitats. In addition, we will look at their characteristics,
and which types of fish grow in which habitat. If one understands the various
characteristics of freshwater, brackish water, and marine habitats it would
help one to appreciate the different aquatic life that inhabits the planet
earth. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>TYPES OF FISH HABITAT</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Freshwater<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">One
of the most important water bodies of the world is freshwater. The various types
of water bodies that come under this category includes rivers, lakes, ponds,
and streams. One of the major characteristics of freshwater is that it is
relatively less salty, generally between 0 and 1.5 parts per thousand.
Freshwater habitats are home to a wide range of animals, including fish,
amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates. Many species of plants also thrive in
freshwater habitats. Our interest is in the fish kinds that occupy freshwater. Some
types of fish that live in fresh water include, Catfish. Trout. Carp, Perch,
Bass, Sturgeon. Sunfish, Barbel, Pike, Walleye, and tilapia,<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Rivers<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">One
of the most common types of a freshwater is a river. Rivers flow in one
direction. There is lot of current associated with rivers. A typical river may
either be narrow of wide. Examples of rivers in Nigeria include the Niger
River, Benue River, Sokoto River and the Kaduna River, to mention a few. In
Ghana, we have the River Pra, the Tano River, the Densu River as examples. In
Togo, we have the Oti River, the Mono River, and the Mo River as examples. ,A
river forms a delta at the end of its journey, over there, the sediment is
deposited it is the sediment that makes the surrounding land very fertile.
Rivers also a very essential source of fish protein for the people. They are
essential to the environment and the communities that live near them. There are
many types of fish that live in rivers, including carp, catfish, bass, trout,
sturgeon, perch, pike, and dace.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Lakes</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
example of freshwater is called a lake. One popular lake in Africa is called
the Volta Lake, which is the largest man-made lake in Africa. Another major
lake in Africa is the Oguta lake in Nigeria. A lake is one of the major sources
of fish protein for the world. A typical lake is will contain freshwater. It
does not have a current. It can either be large or small. The land around a
lake is often fertile. It is probable that a stream(s) or river(s) is flowing
into or flowing out the lake. A lake would have a lake bed and shoreline. Lakes
are important habitats for fish. The types of fish species that live in lakes,
include carp, catfish, bass, pike, perch, sunfish, trout, tilapia and sturgeon.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Streams<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Streams
are the other examples of water body classified fresh water. This type of water
body is found a river or creek. A stream can be formed by the melting of snow,
rainfall, and runoff water from a mountain or a hill. Some examples of streams
in Ghana are Otobiri, Apetensu, Mfrebi. Streams are a major source protein too,
to the populace. It also offers a source of employment to those who fish from
it to sell to others. Different types of fish can be found in streams. These
include trout, salmon, dace, chub, shiner, darter, sucker, and sculpin.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Ponds</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A
pond anther type of freshwater. It is characterized by still water. It is not
unusually to find out that a pond is surrounded by vegetation. It is typically smaller
than a lake. It has been established that there are no wave actions in ponds.
This explains why it is normally clear. The water in a pond is usually shallow.
One can find ponds in low-lying areas. A pond may be naturally created or may
be man-made. It is usually smaller than a lake. Common types of fish that live
in ponds include sunfish, bass, catfish, bluegill, and crappie.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>BRACKISH
WATER<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
next type of fish habitat is brackish water. A brackish fish habitat is a mix
of freshwater and salt water. While a freshwater is just a little salty, the
salinity level of brackish water is a little saltier. It is usually between 1.5
and 30 parts per thousand. Estuaries and lagoons are classified as brackish
water. The king of fish organisms that can be found in brackish water like an
estuary include: gobies, killifish, mullet, pufferfish, eels, mudskippers,
bass, sharks, and sturgeon. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Estuaries<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">An
estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water. Typically, it is filled with
a mixture of salt water and fresh water. The salt comes from the Sea water and
it is partially filled with freshwater from rivers and streams. The estuary
provides an ideal home for a variety of fish, like striped bass, flounder,
sturgeon, croaker, mullet, drum, spot, sea trout, snook, shad, and tarpon. fish.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Lagoons<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A
lagoon is a type of brackish water body. It is located along the coastal areas.
It is normally separated from the Sea by the means of sand bars, barrier
islands or reefs. These barriers provide protection against the actions of the waves.
One can mention the Keta Lagoon, in the Volta Region of Ghana, There is so much
aquatic life in lagoons, for example fish, algae, and other marine organisms. Lagoons
provide a source of employment to communities around it. Fish protein is also
sourced from lagoons. Some common types of fish in lagoons are mullet, tarpon,
snapper, barracuda, snook, grouper, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdUuv4-LgSZ1eDZiDJQ2WAdntW0-JXzy60AjtvnH30JZ0ug8rRlKCwLK9NUEg2P4ElG29saef2maIIslTpL7j460DeRi33qO7myT5r_li_W5jhFNKbAYYwnTRWKKqsbpqxslxRCtT44CpvhgG2raJXBralcnw7cAOQ6ZSFJ2sNc47kZ-lyN_4q1PTGwA/s510/mangrove.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="510" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdUuv4-LgSZ1eDZiDJQ2WAdntW0-JXzy60AjtvnH30JZ0ug8rRlKCwLK9NUEg2P4ElG29saef2maIIslTpL7j460DeRi33qO7myT5r_li_W5jhFNKbAYYwnTRWKKqsbpqxslxRCtT44CpvhgG2raJXBralcnw7cAOQ6ZSFJ2sNc47kZ-lyN_4q1PTGwA/w400-h266/mangrove.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><b>MARINE
WATER</b></span><p></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Marine
habitats are those with the highest level of salinity among all the three fish
habitats. The salt is normally around 35 parts per thousand. There are two categories
marine habitat. One is called pelagic and the other is called demersal. The pelagic
habitats are those opened to the ocean, such as the open sea or the surface of
the ocean. The demersal habitats, on the other hand, are those close to the
ocean floor. Some examples of marine habitat are coral reefs and mangroves. The
example of fish that live in marine habitat are tuna, salmon, cod, mackerel,
anchovies, herring, halibut, sardines, swordfish, sea bass, and sharks. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Ocean
floor<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
ocean floor is an example of marine habitat. One of the features is that it is
rugged. Another is that, there are terrains with mountains, valleys, canyons
and deep trenches. The environment in the ocean floor is very cold. The
population of fish in this habitat is not much. Parts of the fish habitat can
be dark because of the inability of the Sun to penetrate. Some types of fish
that live on the ocean floor include anglerfish, flounder, gobies, dragonets,
eels, seahorses, and stargazers.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Coral
Reefs<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
instance of a marine habitat is coral reef. Coral reefs are positioned in both
tropical or subtropical waters. Different sorts of fish species inhabit coral
reefs. They furnish a structure of safety for coastal communities from storms
and erosion. The kinds of fish that inhabit coral reefs consist of angelfish,
triggerfish, parrotfish, wrasse, clownfish, butterflyfish, goatfish,
damselfish, and grouper.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Mangroves</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
last of the marine habitat to be discussed is mangrove. They are located in
shallow waters. Mangroves are covered with evergreen trees and shrubs. They
provide a conducive environment for different species. Mangroves protect shorelines
and also prevent erosion. Mangroves reduce the effects of storm surge at the
coasts. The types of fish that inhabit mangroves include snappers, groupers,
barramundi, mullet, whiting, jacks, and some species of shark in addition to
crabs, shrimps, clams, oysters, and mussels.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Conclusion</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
conclusion, understanding the characteristics of fish habitats is essential for
the conservation of species and the aquatic environment as a whole. Knowing
which habitats are most suitable for a species, as well as any potential
threats, is essential for determining the best management strategies for a
species. With the right knowledge and strategies, we can ensure that our
aquatic habitats remain healthy and provide vital resources for the future.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a><br /></span></p><p><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-86767851316345644192023-04-30T21:16:00.004-07:002023-05-08T08:13:24.898-07:00How to identify and describe common fisheries organisms<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX8N-BG3v03q5KiboUI6Mr76_ncmRNmykwqherCt4oTiAJVD5ajuieIA_MHtcnK1Bxx5CkF_sAa9rSVqbDNAA2SBfBqgMZWHpTuX2z4LaSyFkH8Gm5U6RW-2CWjqjKzXJjLueC2Bk71AVmS52fDorh-WQUBCQy8US4iLUC9ju_19c0Px0_2Nuuh-Oiig/s503/grilled%20tilapia.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="503" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX8N-BG3v03q5KiboUI6Mr76_ncmRNmykwqherCt4oTiAJVD5ajuieIA_MHtcnK1Bxx5CkF_sAa9rSVqbDNAA2SBfBqgMZWHpTuX2z4LaSyFkH8Gm5U6RW-2CWjqjKzXJjLueC2Bk71AVmS52fDorh-WQUBCQy8US4iLUC9ju_19c0Px0_2Nuuh-Oiig/s320/grilled%20tilapia.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>The identification
and description of some common fishery organisms in the world</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Fish
and other aquatics organisms are very importance sources of food to the human
race in every part of the world. Most water bodies contain fisheries organisms.
These organisms play very important roles in the survival and sustainability of
the aquatic ecosystem. Apart from providing food, they also serve as a source
of income for individuals and groups, in addition, fish organisms service the
needs of other players in the ecosystems. This article seeks to explore the features
of the various fisheries organisms, how they look like and what they are made
of. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>FIN
FISH</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Tuna<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Tuna is a large predatory fish found in warm and temperate oceans around
the world. It is an important commercial fish known for its high oil content
and delicious flavor. It is usually silvery blue in color with dark stripes
along the body. Tuna can reach very large dimensions; Some species can weigh
over 1,000 pounds! Fast swimmers and powerful predators, tuna use their
powerful tails to propel themselves through the water. They feed on small fish
and squid, as well as birds and mammals. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Mackerel</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Mackerel
is another type of fin fish that can be found in temperate as well as topical
Seas. Their skin is blue/silver in colour spotting their forked tails and
vertical 'tiger-like' stripes running along their backs. It has a slender body.
They have large eyes, and a very high sense of smell. They move in large groups
called schools, near the surface of the ocean. Mackerel is an important source
of food. They are served in many popular dishes. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Tilapia</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Tilapia
is another fin fish we need to mention. The fish used to be almost exclusive to
Africa but over the years, tilapia has found its way to other parts and can now
be found in most parts of the world today. Though it is allowed to grow in its
own natural habitat, it can also be cultivated on both domestic and commercial
bases. It is a very popular source of food and is used in the preparation
different types of dishes, mostly grilled, dried or smoked. It is can adapt to
different water conditions and can grow very fast. The colour ranges from light
gray to silver. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Herring<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">A
herring is another type of fin fish. It is small in nature which usually
inhabit the Atlantic Ocean and other Seas like the North and Baltic Seas. It is
silvery-green in colour. Herring is a common prey for several species of fish,
marine mammals, and birds. They are either canned or smoked. They could also be
served fresh. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>CRUSTACEANS</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Lobster</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Lobster
is classified as crustacean. It is large and inhabits marine waters. It has double
asymmetrical claws and a hard, spiny exoskeleton. It is normally reddish-brown.
Some have other colours though, like blue, yellow, or green. The body is
segmented and long. There are twine antennae and small eyes on the head. There
is a long, flexible abdomen. Six pairs of legs and a tail. Lobsters live in
live in several oceans where the water is cold, like the Atlantic, Pacific, and
Indian Oceans. Lobsters are popular delicacies In Ghana and Nigeria, in fact in
the whole coastal region of West Africa. Some meals cooked with lobster are,
lobster corn chowder, lobster thermidor, bisque, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Shrimp<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
type of crustacean is the shrimp. It is a small and has a slim body. One would
see that it has antennae on its head and that their abdomen is curved. Shrimps
can grow to different sizes but are typically between 0.2 inches and 10 inches.
Shrimps do not have just one colour, they have several of them. They may be
red, pink, orange, or white. They normally inhabit in coastal waters but can
also be found in estuaries or in coral reefs. They have different choices of
food to select from, they could eat plankton but can also eat algae, and feed
on small fish too. To serve as food, shrimp may either be boiled or grilled.
Some people, on the other hand, like it fried, especially in Ghana and Nigeria.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYZBNKIvks_nqAlL2fJJZHh2W9pPcLE9fGLWXqjWKUgTVU6A2vLKrJAVjI8tHwwKuB1GEanB1RVJw8Clfiel5BJsW5z0ZncYEVQm30nSP_8KmUu-CYnBLbquDwPHLhbsu6-R8gwf2u0k5tLU1WpVPza51IND0yhmqN20ZKIs7i_pgts-Dho5trrO6F4w/s603/shrimp.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="603" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYZBNKIvks_nqAlL2fJJZHh2W9pPcLE9fGLWXqjWKUgTVU6A2vLKrJAVjI8tHwwKuB1GEanB1RVJw8Clfiel5BJsW5z0ZncYEVQm30nSP_8KmUu-CYnBLbquDwPHLhbsu6-R8gwf2u0k5tLU1WpVPza51IND0yhmqN20ZKIs7i_pgts-Dho5trrO6F4w/s320/shrimp.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: large;"><i><b>Prawns</b></i></span></div><p></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Prawns
are also classified under crustaceans. Typically, they look like big shrimps
but they are a type of shellfish. Their colour is pinkish-red and have long and
thin body. To cook prawns, the shells are usually still, and even to eat it,
the shells are still on. The flavour is very nice and they taste good. Prawns
are one of the most dynamic ingredients that are used for the preparation of
dishes. Some of the dishes that prawns are used for include prawn stir, prawn
salad and prawn taco. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Crab</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another type of crustacean is called crab. The
exterior of a crab is hard. It has pairs of legs. Most crabs live in water, mostly
fresh water or salty water. Some also live on land though. There is a variety
of food available to Crabs, such foods include, but are not limited to worms,
algae and fungi. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>MOLLUSCS</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Clam</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A clam is another mollusc family member. It
inhabits the ocean and freshwater. A clam is covered by a hinged shell. It
filters water from its surroundings and picks food particles out of it to feed
itself. It has a deep-gray colour or a clay beige with a khaki undertone. Clams
are preyed by other species. They also serve as food to the human race. They
serve as a source of income as their meat, shells, and pearls can be harvested
for sale. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Scallop<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Scallop is another
mollusc family member. Its habitation is the coastal waters of the temperate
regions of the world. It is an organism that has a fan shape. Its shell opens
on a hinge and the meat is right inside. When it is fresh, the colour looks
creamy but may also be fawn. Its flavour is so nice. Scallop may be fried,
boiled or steamed before it is ready for the table. Some of the side dishes
that go well with scallops include rice, pasta, potatoes greens, peas and
beans. In addition, it is also used in preparing sushi. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Cuttlefish
</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cuttlefish is another from the mollusc family. It
has close relationship to the octopus. It lives in all the oceans of the world
especially in shallow coastal waters. It has an internal shell that enables it
to float. Cuttlefish have two eyes, eight arms, and a finned mantle. They can
quickly change colour to suit its environment in order to be invisible to its
predators. They feed mainly on small crustaceans. √<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Oyster</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Oysters
fall under the family of mollusk. They can be found in fresh or salt waters. An
oyster has two shells joined by a hinge. The colour of a healthy oyster is
creamy and some are gray too. An oyster food is assorted, they filter the water
and pick particles as food. Oyster is a valuable source of nutrients to humans.
They can also be exploited commercially to generate income for individuals and
for nations. They are included in very popular recipes like Oyster Rockefeller,
Oysters Kilpatrick etc. In some communities, oysters are delicacies. They are
also important and valuable for pearls. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj58-ZkgT91aM5Gm6CtYbV37xAp41JN3Pd9jZu2-rN1pUW924_vWD_BkE_Fup-3M37lcwm3QpKOnG9S43JctLaZDYWOYBj5AqxYuFqOAvdhIoQAexAJsDZKOHPWi2w_u_XCMZYmoHgq0VVAO8xStsSOlLAM0KhI8Aom-VyW_J2iabb1uMSQWZGyShIdEA/s425/oyster.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="425" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj58-ZkgT91aM5Gm6CtYbV37xAp41JN3Pd9jZu2-rN1pUW924_vWD_BkE_Fup-3M37lcwm3QpKOnG9S43JctLaZDYWOYBj5AqxYuFqOAvdhIoQAexAJsDZKOHPWi2w_u_XCMZYmoHgq0VVAO8xStsSOlLAM0KhI8Aom-VyW_J2iabb1uMSQWZGyShIdEA/s320/oyster.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Conclusion</i></b></span></span></div><p></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
identification and description of fisheries organisms is an essential venture.
The reason is that it will help to understand such species that are available.
With this knowledge, we can help to protect them. If we understand the current
stock of fish species, if we know their characteristics, it will help us to
make better decisions about their management and conservation. This will
subsequently save the world, looking at the rate at which the population of the
world is growing, the way some unscrupulous people overfish the oceans and
other water bodies, this knowledge can help in developing better ways of
conserving our fish stock to save the world from scarcity in the future. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-78708184001331702132023-04-28T01:54:00.005-07:002023-04-28T02:06:44.364-07:00What are the different types of fisheries in the world?<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAdy7CrAdMU3BuuKyuChVkohpAnT_TUL_4lIoHbAhBTOL490rrqey8gmexBx_xs8r0eBHyU-3_TMBOg6w6MhJHZRtuWLIn9MdiQYBW8iu5TzHAshfUhC80Ws5mVH_uTUnDB-h4_q4ySEDPOGAHeCSUcv3PTbUsEfnnGtBceU1djvEO41JyBNzkwE8fEA/s510/fishing%20at%20Sea.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="510" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAdy7CrAdMU3BuuKyuChVkohpAnT_TUL_4lIoHbAhBTOL490rrqey8gmexBx_xs8r0eBHyU-3_TMBOg6w6MhJHZRtuWLIn9MdiQYBW8iu5TzHAshfUhC80Ws5mVH_uTUnDB-h4_q4ySEDPOGAHeCSUcv3PTbUsEfnnGtBceU1djvEO41JyBNzkwE8fEA/w320-h213/fishing%20at%20Sea.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b style="font-size: large; text-align: justify;">WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT EXISTING TYPES OF FISHERIES IN THE
WORLD?</b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Definition</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Fisheries is a unique system by which people cultivate,
manage and harvest fish in commercial quantities. It refers to fishing
activities taking place in various environments, including the marine, brackish
and fresh water environments. Under fishery, we have activities such as
fishing, aquaculture, fish processing, marketing and distribution. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Some fisheries may be recreational and others may be commercial
activities such as sport or commercial fishing. There is fish processing, there
is fish farming, and fish habitat management and conservation.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>TYPES OF FISHERIES</b></span></p>
<p class="NoList1" style="line-height: 12.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: #202529;"><span style="font-size: medium;">There are different
types of fisheries and some of them will be discussed in the following
paragraphs. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="NoList1" style="line-height: 12.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Culture fisheries</b></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">This is also another type of fishing. Capture fisheries is
also called aquaculture. Others also refer to it as fish farming. Here, the
fish is farmed. A familiar environment is created for the fish, to feel like
its own natural habitat. It could be done on the lake, like the Volta Lake.
Others construct ponds to keep the fish. The idea is to mimic the natural
environment, where the fish would have thrived to increase the production of
fish.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Capture fisheries</b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">We also have other people using capture fishing. Here the
fisherman or woman goes to the fish's habitat, in their natural environment to
catch the fish. Some of the tools used include lines, nets, traps, etc. The use
of traps is common locally in Ghana, Nigeria and elsewhere. Though people catch
fish by these methods, and some sell them, many others too, just use it for
food.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Commercial fisheries</b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
type of fishing is what we refer to as commercial fishing. In this type of
fishing, the practice is to harvest fish from the wild to sell on commercial
bases and the basic aim is to make profit. It could be fish and or other types
of seafood. People do not just start commercial fishing. It is a regulated
area, at the level of the government of any particular country. There is a
licensing regime that one must follow and ensure one does not break the law.
There are several methods used un commercial fishing; one is called trawling,
another type is long-lining, others include trolling, and seining.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Subsistence fisheries</b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Subsistence fishing is the type of fishing, the aim is not
necessarily to sell the fish in order to make a profit, though a few may be
sold to meet household demands. In this type of fishery, most of the fish they
catch is for domestic purpose. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Artisanal fisheries</i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another type of fishing is artisanal fishing. The tools
needed for artisanal fishery is rudimentary. They are not as sophisticated as
in commercial fishery. In many cases the waters from which they fish are closer
to their abode or not too far away. Some of the catch may be used domestically
but others are also sold to earn money for the home.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Recreational fisheries</b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In the case of recreational fishing, the major push is to
engage in a sporting activity. Fishing is to while away boredom, to go away for
a while, to engage in exercise, to have fun, and many other reasons except to
make profit. The fish they catch are mostly for use at home. They fish to keep
fit.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Industrial
fisheries</i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Industrial fishing is another type of fishing employed by
the world. This is done on very large scales. It involved the use of very state
of the art technologies. While some use trawlers, other use long-lines and
purse seines. They catch fish in very large quantities. In most cases, this
type of fishing is done on the open ocean. They may use very large vessels or
may even sometimes use small ones. The target, in many cases are tuna, salmon,
and sardines or cod.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>The cultural importance of fisheries</i></b> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Fisheries forms an important part of the cultural lives of
people. It forms the basis of the transfer of traditional skills to younger
populations of the communities. In many coastal and island communities, fishing
is an integral part of their culture and identity. It is not gainsaying, that
fisheries offer employment, puts food on the table, and provides cash for
families. Cultural festivals have been instituted around fishing activities in
many communities, for example, Argungu fishing festival in North Western
Nigeria and Bakatue in the Central Region of Ghana which falls on the first
Tuesday in July every year.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Conclusion</i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">One can conclusion that fisheries put food on the table for
many people, the world over. The fisher men use various methods to catch fish
depending on their needs, that is, if it is for domestic or for commercial
purpose. It is important to manage the fish stock in the water bodies so that
fishing is done sustainably.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;">Also read: <a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/11/the-definition-of-fisheries-types-of-fisheries-and-importance-of-fisheries-to-the-national-economy.html" target="_blank">The importance of fisheries to national economy to the national economy </a></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Go to the list of other subjects>></span></a><br /></span></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-70425840832940214292023-04-25T02:00:00.007-07:002023-04-25T04:17:32.501-07:00The reasons why people join political parties, the last point will shock you.<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifH-53-x2c0sRDrT0-cGTxJWMLd4xugYVtod_jDmPEoC85VuHKFkLw8Pg3KGC234jeP6F7pOdOrhl6Q9VndiXHTsFuHKXteV9yDBmW2cRLBkNdudGcnEih4bn3h2TUU8vjntKEVPTTe8w-w3_yeqlc2J3HF-P1HgZELzmwbPN2y5-gYkDoxuNnfsLCbw/s297/PARTIES.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="297" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifH-53-x2c0sRDrT0-cGTxJWMLd4xugYVtod_jDmPEoC85VuHKFkLw8Pg3KGC234jeP6F7pOdOrhl6Q9VndiXHTsFuHKXteV9yDBmW2cRLBkNdudGcnEih4bn3h2TUU8vjntKEVPTTe8w-w3_yeqlc2J3HF-P1HgZELzmwbPN2y5-gYkDoxuNnfsLCbw/s1600/PARTIES.gif" width="297" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>WHY DO PEOPLE JOIN POLITICAL PARTIES?</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Definition of a political party<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: large;">A Political Party can be described as a group of people with the same aim and ideology whose main goal is to capture political power in order to have the opportunity to implement the contents of their manifesto. Manifestoes contain</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: large;"> policies and programs the party believes, if implemented, can improve the wellbeing of the citizens of the country.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: medium;">If this is what it is, why do individuals desire to
become members of political parties? What is their motivation? Some of the
reasons are discussed in the following paragraphs.</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Reasons why people join political parties</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Support ideological beliefs<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;">One of the reasons why people join political parties is that it
will help support their ideological leanings. Political parties are formed with
socialist ideologies, for example, </span></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">the Labour Party (UK), the
Socialist Party (France), Democratic Socialists of America (USA), German Social
Democratic Party (Germany), Communist Party of China (China). Others are
capitalist ideologies like the Republican Party (United States), the
Conservative Party (United Kingdom), and the Christian Democratic Union
(Germany). There are several other ideologies upon which political parties are
based. Once the party is made up of like-minded people, it can help the
individual to advance his ideological beliefs.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>A platform to advocate for their views<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another reason why people join political parties is that it gives
them a chance to advocate their views on various local, regional, national and
international issues. Political parties are structured in such a way that
members are able to attend meetings, volunteer to serve on various committees.
Political rallies are associated with political parties and party members are
allowed to attend rallies and other party events where members speak out for
their views to be heard. Within the party, people are able to build
relationships. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are opportunities
to attend Town Hall meetings and other events. A political party therefore
gives members the avenue to advocate their views on different issues, whether
political, social, economic, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2016/11/the-problems-of-political-parties.html" target="_blank">Read the problems of political parties</a><br /></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Take part in the decision-making process<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Also, people join political parties so as to
be able to have a voice in the decision-making process. When they join a
political party or a local organization that is linked to a political party,
they have access to attend party meetings and events. At such meetings, people
become familiar with party policies. In the current global village where
distance is not a barrier, members are able to participate at forums and online
discussions. Members could even write letters, or position papers on topical
issues and send the same to the leadership of the parties. Ultimately, an
individual could run for a position in the party. As a member of the inner
caucus, they are able to contribute to the decision-making of the party and
subsequently that of the government if the party wins power.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmIC6C9_RB7R0ckj-plm1eHrIc6c7Px9-PIpa55zVoZMX6Aag_pXkPRNzq52V-_nyWPGC764mS6kjLGpB0cDwGAgvPnAnz_LERsAyF7DeQsqbBKKFrpM_LbGv3k0qPHt16VtkOQMALt5BzE8MI74g5duMMkZwSxfWLCmvAw-e7w6GM1EFbeLj205ahKg/s340/political%20party%202.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="340" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmIC6C9_RB7R0ckj-plm1eHrIc6c7Px9-PIpa55zVoZMX6Aag_pXkPRNzq52V-_nyWPGC764mS6kjLGpB0cDwGAgvPnAnz_LERsAyF7DeQsqbBKKFrpM_LbGv3k0qPHt16VtkOQMALt5BzE8MI74g5duMMkZwSxfWLCmvAw-e7w6GM1EFbeLj205ahKg/w400-h400/political%20party%202.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: large; line-height: normal;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Increase influence within government</i></b></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Again, people join political parties to
enhance their influence within governmental circles. They get involved in party
events, attend party meetings and may raise funds for the party. Some put their
valuable skills at the disposal of the party. As long as your activities,
commitment and dedication is noticed, you are very likely to be co-opted into a
committee based on your skills. Party officials may even convince an active
member with potentials to vie for an office or a parliamentary seat on the
ticket of the party. All these make a way for the party members to start
wielding influence on issues of importance to the party.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Ability to influence the formation of public policy<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Some join political parties so that they can
have a voice in the formulation of public policy. As a member of a political
party, one is able to partake in discussions on pertinent issues. At town hall
meetings, there is opportunity to voice out one’s opinions on a matter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One can help the party to advocate for a policy
that is dear to one. One can even sponsor a private members bill, talk to
elected members of parliament so make your thoughts known. These activities can
give one the needed voice in public policy formation.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>To be able to create a network of like-minded people for the
common good</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;">For some members of political parties, their main aim is to network
with people who have similar views like theirs. A network that can lead to the
creation of favourable environments for the citizens or a large portion of
them. Some build networks to advance their business empires or interests. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>For personal again<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;">Some join political parties in order to make their personal lives
better. This may be more the case in developing countries, especially Africa.
Many politicians have been seen rising from the level of paupers to very rich
people overnight. People win big contracts because their party is in power.
Some are appointed as board members or chairpersons of corporations, and this
gives them the opportunity to be well placed to make money for themselves and
for their families. Some party people deliberately amass wealth for many
generations down the lane to come and enjoy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Conclusion</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: medium;">In conclusion, one can say people join political parties for
various reasons, some good and some not so good. Some join for reasons that
benefit the larger society and others just join for their own parochial
reasons. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2016/11/the-functions-of-political-party.html" target="_blank">Also read the functions of political parties</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a></p><p><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/government_30.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in Government>></a><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subject>>s</a><br /></p><p><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-19468371601333953052023-04-21T02:53:00.005-07:002023-04-21T05:23:45.992-07:00What is the nature of West African Traditional Religion and what are the specific beliefs in the supernatural<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYV83t3znWvV-uS7UrUqPCBuKaR3xUXJx676gJCn702U_lCgmOIJSNUauWDQvZiH0XI_ExE-3EyfKHXUpMuX_fDt3bl26h7Er1uYzQEc9PumEUHoZNhmnkD6jNr6pUzaAjdM5DytYQEL2F7hlfCpt2ZiY12Zt8U1k5yJngKJJI7AzWrd30qAlG6gC7dA/s480/Nature%20of%20God%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="480" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYV83t3znWvV-uS7UrUqPCBuKaR3xUXJx676gJCn702U_lCgmOIJSNUauWDQvZiH0XI_ExE-3EyfKHXUpMuX_fDt3bl26h7Er1uYzQEc9PumEUHoZNhmnkD6jNr6pUzaAjdM5DytYQEL2F7hlfCpt2ZiY12Zt8U1k5yJngKJJI7AzWrd30qAlG6gC7dA/s320/Nature%20of%20God%201.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>WHAT IS THE NATURE OF WEST AFRICAN TRADITONAL RELIGION?</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Definition</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">West African Traditional Religion (WATR) in the simplest
definition refers to the indigenous religious practices of the people of West
Africa before the advent of Islam, Christianity and any other form of religion.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">It is practiced in the West African countries like Ghana,
Benin, Sierra Leone, Togo, Liberia, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Mali, etc. It was not
a religion that was introduced into the Sub-region by missionaries. It was
practiced by the local people. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Currently, only a tiny fraction of the people of West Africa
have remained adherents of the indigenous practice. In Ghana, according to the
2021 census figures, 3.2% of the Ghanaian population practice traditional
religion. According to the Association of Religious Data Archives in 2020, in
Nigeria, traditional region followers were 7.2% of the total population of
Nigeria. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">There are some peculiar features that are used to determine
the nature of West African Traditional Religion, for example, the belief in one
Supreme Being, the worship of many deities, ancestral veneration, etc. These are
outlined in the paragraphs below.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>The
belief in one Supreme Being<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">One
of the major features of West African Traditional Religion (WATR) is the belief
in one Supreme Being or God. This Being is seen as the creator and is called
God. It has a different name among the various peoples. The Yorubas in Nigeria
call him Oluwa, the Igbo in Nigeria call him Chukwu, the Akans in Ghana call
him Nyame, the Gas call him Atta-Naa Nyonmo, the Ewes call him Mawu. The
Supreme being is considered the origin of everything. Every life is believed to
have come from Him. He knows everything, he is all powerful and has authority
over everything on earth.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Belief
in several gods</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Aside
from the belief in one Supreme Being, there is also the belief in a plethora of
gods or deities. In other words, WATR is characterized by polytheism. The West
African believes that there are individual gods responsible for different
aspects of their lives. There is a dog responsible for rain, for bumper
harvest, dispute resolution, and social control. There is a god that controls
thunder, a god that protects the village, a god that protects the innocent
against false accusation, there is a god that upholds moral uprightness and
ensures justice. They are not considered as rivals to the Supreme Being. They
are seen more as allies, working below him for the good of humanity.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Ancestral
veneration<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another
key feature is the veneration of ancestors. In WATR, when people die, they are
not seen completely gone. They have just transitioned into another realm where
they continue to be part of the living but in another form and playing a
different role. The ancestor is seen as the spirit version of a family member
who is no longer alive. Not everybody, though, is considered as an ancestor. To
qualify as an ancestor, one must have lived up to a ripe old age, must have
lived a life worthy of emulation and must have played a very significant role
in the lives of the living. You must have died a good death. For example, if
you commit suicide, you cannot qualify to be an ancestor. The ancestors are
honoured for their contribution to the living while they were alive. The living
ask for their protection, they seek guidance to continue to live. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuqda66Z1N6X7B-EQmf8Hpx8FOanz4O-QnjPVaW-WXr4gwPBHYdD_hRxskLb_a01Ju-QK9B8iL-LhzNGMrVLbV8zub9pcIkGEuf-pnjUhLTd-FvMOBFVnSHnolx3NxHKVYqH7dFs7AFqPVzegcJZs5Mxc0EsNwR1Rdse5Jeziokf4lEQbbFwFLTURRmA/s510/Nature%20of%20God%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="510" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuqda66Z1N6X7B-EQmf8Hpx8FOanz4O-QnjPVaW-WXr4gwPBHYdD_hRxskLb_a01Ju-QK9B8iL-LhzNGMrVLbV8zub9pcIkGEuf-pnjUhLTd-FvMOBFVnSHnolx3NxHKVYqH7dFs7AFqPVzegcJZs5Mxc0EsNwR1Rdse5Jeziokf4lEQbbFwFLTURRmA/s320/Nature%20of%20God%202.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i><p><b><i>Belief
in mystical powers</i></b></p></i></b><p></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
WTR, the followers believe in mystical powers. The people believe that the
spirits of the ancestors can influence and control the lives of the living.
They believe that when certain rituals are performed, it is able to influence
spiritual forces and bring out desired results. They believe there are
spiritual forces that are capable of either harming or helping people.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>The
use of charms and amulets<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
WATR, charms and amulets are of essence. The followers of the religion believe
that the charms and amulets bring them luck. They believe it has the power to
bring them protection if they wear them. Amulets bring good fortune and have
healing powers. Many people use charms to treat sicknesses.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Emphasis
on traditional ceremonies<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
WATR, the people place a lot of emphasis on ceremonies. When a child is born,
ceremonies are performed to usher the child into the world. When the same child
attains the age of maturity, a different set of ceremonies are performed to
indicate his/her becoming an adult. At the time marriage, ceremonies must be
performed. When death occurs, ceremonies are performed. Funerals are unique.
They perform certain rites before the dead is buried.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Some questions to ponder over:</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">1. Outline the nature of West African Traditional Religion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">2. In what ways are the divinities related to the Supreme
Being in West African Traditional Religion?</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">3. What are the specific beliefs in the supernatural in West Africa Traditional Religion?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html?m=1" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects>></a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/the-study-of-west-african-traditional.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in West African Traditional Religion</a><br /></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-84954290774314823742023-04-18T21:24:00.023-07:002023-05-03T05:19:38.617-07:00What are the major characteristics of West African Traditional Religion?<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr7wlLd-pmwwzpygpBnmz1rfZqwpum6KnwDdWhugzux79bVmZnqsZsNA1qH8SlJPihH29GbnBMfkD6TknQlVlV2HRms44MZ0VOP02HCsqEqMiFNgzbEe55KiRvskxXehHiVdDl0pcxZ1XLdzczBGu5sCjKdcgOjSQchmCzwJMDa5gLjZqchQV8_WLObQ/s297/Based%20on%20oral%20literature.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="297" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr7wlLd-pmwwzpygpBnmz1rfZqwpum6KnwDdWhugzux79bVmZnqsZsNA1qH8SlJPihH29GbnBMfkD6TknQlVlV2HRms44MZ0VOP02HCsqEqMiFNgzbEe55KiRvskxXehHiVdDl0pcxZ1XLdzczBGu5sCjKdcgOjSQchmCzwJMDa5gLjZqchQV8_WLObQ/s1600/Based%20on%20oral%20literature.gif" width="297" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b style="font-size: large;">WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION?</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Definition</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">West African Traditional Religion (WATR) in the simplest
definition refers to the indigenous religious practices of the people of West
Africa before the advent of Islam, Christianity and any other form of religion.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">It is practiced in the West African countries like Ghana,
Benin, Sierra Leone, Togo, Liberia, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Mali, etc. It was not
a religion that was introduced into the Sub-region by missionaries. It was
practiced by the local people. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Currently, only a tiny fraction of the people of West Africa
have remained adherents of the indigenous practice. In Ghana, according to the
2021 census figures, 3.2% of the Ghanaian population practice traditional
religion. According to the Association of Religious Data Archives in 2020, in
Nigeria, traditional region followers were 7.2% of the total population of
Nigeria. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">There are some peculiar features that are used to identify
what exactly is referred to as West African Traditional Religion, for example,
it does not have a founder, it is based on oral traditions and handed down by
word of mouth, it does not make use of missionaries to propagate, etc. These
and many more are discussed in the paragraphs below.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>The characteristics of West African Traditional Religion<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>The
religion has no founder</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">One
of the major features of West African Traditional Religion (WATR) is that there
is no single individual or groups of individuals who can be pointed out as the
founder or founders of the religion like we find in the case of Christianity
which is believed to be founded by Jesus and Mohammed (Peace be upon Him) for
Islam. Christianity and Islam are monotheistic religions and have just one
founder. WATR recognizes many deities. Their beliefs and practices had to
evolve over several centuries. While evolving, the beliefs and practices were
handed down through generations.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>It
is based on oral literature<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
ancient West Africa, the art of writing had not been discovered early enough
until the coming of European missionaries. Those who practiced West African
Traditional Religion could, therefore, not codify their religion as was done in
the case of Islam and Christianity. In short, the religion does not have
written documents like the bible for the Christians and the Quran for the
Muslims. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
order to preserve the knowledge of the religion, the people had to resort to
other forms of documentation. They preserved the history, beliefs and practices
about the religion in their songs and chants, folklore, tales and fables. The
literature surrounding the religion is in the oral form and therefore handed
down from generation to generation by word of mouth.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>There
are no missionaries<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">A
typical adherent of WATR does not believe that religion must be imposed on
anybody. Rather, it has to be experienced by the person. It is the person’s
personal relationship with the spirit entities or deities involved. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
main focus is not to convert other people to their form of worship. To the
practitioner of West African Traditional Religion, people have to experience
the spiritual world as individuals and not as a collective. It is those who
believe in the deity that must carry and practice it. There are, therefore, no
missionaries in West African Traditional Religion. Evangelism, as is seen in
both Islam and Christianity, is absent in West African Traditional Religion.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Rituals,
sacrifices and divination<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">A
major part of the religion is characterized by rituals. When a child is born, a
ritual is performed. When a child attains puberty age, there are rituals to
usher them into puberty. There are rituals for marriage, when death occurs,
depending on the cause of death. Rituals are performed to honour the deities
which may involve the offering of food, and drinks<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Alongside
rituals, we also have sacrifices. In fact, sacrifices are a major aspect of
rituals. There are different types of sacrifices. People sacrifice animals,
some sacrifice plants and some also sacrifice food. In ancient times, the
practice of human sacrifice was believed to have taken place. Such sacrifices
were used to honour the gods. Some sacrifices were specifically demanded by the
deities but some are offered by the people of their own volition as a form of
honour or to request some favours from them.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
quest to know the future is a desire that is shared by many people. In West
African Traditional Religion, the practice of knowing the unknown called
divination. There are trained or gifted people in the society that have the
capacity to reveal the unknown. Some items are used to perform this task though
the process may vary from place to place. Items like cowrie shells, sticks,
bones etc. Divination may be used to communicate with the departed souls of
ancestors.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Religion
permeates every aspect of life<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
West Africa, religion is everything and everything is religion. In other words,
every aspect of life among the traditional West African is seen through the
glass of religion. This is because religion provides a way by which they identify
themselves. The religion allows them to feel a sense of community, and gives
them purpose for the life they live. West African Traditional Religion is
deeply rooted in their culture, values, and beliefs. Through it, they are able
to connect to the past, present, and future. In times of need, the religion
provides a high level of comfort. The morals of the people are shaped by the
religion. Their form of social justice is derived from the principles embedded
in the religion. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Question to ponder over:</b> </span></span></p><p>1. State and explain the characteristics of
West African Traditional Religion.</p><p>2. In what ways are
the characteristics of WATR
different from those of
Christianity or Islam?</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"> <b>Also Read</b> <a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2023/04/why-is-it-important-to-study-west-african-traditional-religion-ghana-nigeria-togo-burinafaso-gambia.html" target="_blank">Why it is important for people to study West African Traditional Religion</a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Go Back to Home Page</a> </o:p></p></div><p><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Go to the list of other subjects</a><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /> <p></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-79266098929859606062023-04-15T23:03:00.007-07:002023-04-15T23:21:50.080-07:00How are succession disputes contributing factors to the development of northern Ghana<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl5HQxqqmpDXuiTxEe3Skr5A64gapBOzPzQdU20yzKvgB-Zxxn3bpBssjDl1jMiyPZpT1DTav0B_oLThthM4xpOl0ILlyIDCkpRFaj4mpp3Ec87XZiZmQe8_D2V-A67XE9QSvffq0u9AA8uDjMbnFaSIMGB4gyw6FDztIf1d4F9hV0bwNY7m6mQTzHxg/s453/no%20more%20war.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="453" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl5HQxqqmpDXuiTxEe3Skr5A64gapBOzPzQdU20yzKvgB-Zxxn3bpBssjDl1jMiyPZpT1DTav0B_oLThthM4xpOl0ILlyIDCkpRFaj4mpp3Ec87XZiZmQe8_D2V-A67XE9QSvffq0u9AA8uDjMbnFaSIMGB4gyw6FDztIf1d4F9hV0bwNY7m6mQTzHxg/s320/no%20more%20war.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><div style="font-weight: bold;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HOW ARE SUCCESSION DISPUTES CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NORTHERN GHANA</b></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Introduction <o:p></o:p></b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In the last 50 years, Northern
Ghana has become known as a place where deadly ethnic, land, and chieftaincy
battles happen. Even though these three main causes of conflict are all linked,
chieftaincy battles are by far the most common in the north as Drucker-Brown (1995)
observed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In northern Ghana, most chieftaincy
battles have been either inter-ethnic or intra-ethnic. Inter-ethnic battles
usually happen when two or more ethnic groups fight over who owns and controls
the land and the people who live there. These kinds of conflicts have happened
between the Kusasi and the Mamprusi, the Nanumba and the Konkomba, the Gonja
and the Vagala and the Konkomba, Nawuri, Nchumuru, and Basare. Intra-ethnic
disputes, on the other hand, take the form of the same ethnic group or smaller
groups like the clan or the family fighting over claims to chieftaincy titles.
For example, the battle for the high traditional office in Wa and Dagbon has
led to fierce fighting leading to loss of lives and property running into
several thousands of dollars (MacGaffey, 2006). The Gonjas and the Mamprusi have
also fought over who was the most powerful chief. In societies with the
two-gate<a href="file:///C:/Users/ADMIN/Downloads/Divine%20Studies/Introduction%20Dzokot.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
setup, intra-ethnic disputes usually happen when members of one gate think that
they were skipped over by another gate, which goes against the rule that the
chieftaincy post should be passed between the different gates (clans) in the
ethnic group. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Implication of Chieftaincy Succession conflict for Development <o:p></o:p></b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">There is an on-going debate about
whether the difference between warring and non-conflict communities is the
product of conflict or of other factors connected with both conflict and low
development. Several studies have found that conflict has a lot of influence on
development. We discuss how some of these chieftaincy disputes can impact
development for communities involved in the same. <o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWrDby9cuS3sUeGi5g7fsENgkVTRLCSiwKH_2E8rOBxe0IqRbXCV4akIKLOaewt1rNdt912fLqutQLW7Lq6H9OHPdWwx7jUKvcJ2pU-TfnL0WwmUi8VkuxhcUQiZ4NUBqE6x_VGVZJvzPDMpEOHGraZRjcXuH_b_OSLjKVpw9KV_9LSSn_YxvthVAGpQ/s624/battle%20field.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="624" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWrDby9cuS3sUeGi5g7fsENgkVTRLCSiwKH_2E8rOBxe0IqRbXCV4akIKLOaewt1rNdt912fLqutQLW7Lq6H9OHPdWwx7jUKvcJ2pU-TfnL0WwmUi8VkuxhcUQiZ4NUBqE6x_VGVZJvzPDMpEOHGraZRjcXuH_b_OSLjKVpw9KV_9LSSn_YxvthVAGpQ/w400-h217/battle%20field.png" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Loss of community human capital</b></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The greatest cost of the war has
been the lives lost. Many people lost their lives in each of these wars. Many
people died in the Yendi battle, the most notable incident being the death of
the Yaa Naa, the Overlord of Dagbo, and forty of his chiefs in 2001.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In their 2003 study, "Civil
Wars Kill and Maim People—Long After the Shooting Stops," Ghobarah, Huth,
and Russett contend that civil wars have long-term impacts on civilian
suffering. According to the World Health Organization's measure of Disability
Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), the additional burden of mortality and disability
imposed by community disputes and violent clashes is approximately double that
of the immediate and direct effects. The fundamental reason is that internal community
armed conflicts, which are common with Chieftaincy Succession Conflicts (CSC), increase
disease exposure, impede access to medical care, and damage health
infrastructure. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Impoverished population <o:p></o:p></b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">While the battles rage on, many
residents in conflict zones become impoverished. Infants and little children
are especially exposed to the effects of violence. Poverty, child mortality,
lack of access to safe drinking water, and a lack of education all deprive
children of key components for human development and economic growth. Water
shines up as an important aspect. All other community development objectives are
hampered by a lack of access to safe drinking water. Waterborne illness,
particularly diarrhea, is lethal. A prolonged lack of access to proper water
sources can induce brain injury, impair cognitive development with long-term
implications for community capacity for progress.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Communities are starved of
resources spent on the resolving the conflict and maintain peace </i></b><i style="font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Efforts made to resolve community
disputes invariably cost money. These monies, if invested in other areas of
development, such as building communal infrastructure, could see communities
make greater strides towards infrastructural development. Closely related to
conflict resolution is peace maintenance which can take up huge state and
community resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When conflict
begins, military and police detachments are often sent to the conflict zone.
These personnel must be fed, and materials for their operations provided.
Clearly, this is money that might have gone towards other areas of growth. For
instance, in 2002, $9 million was spent on troops stationed in Dagbon to
keep the peace. This amount represented approximately the cost of building
twenty-four 6-classroom blocks, 17 community health posts and 3 Community
50-seater libraries, according to the Ministry of Works and Housing project
estimates. <o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZLK30MaV_buKL1PfdyWCMV_STbnmaMv6spc2TtetD0uAwK83tDIpAKeysxr31XdYUbtPfpRVa-Fc3FvFhzN8ROtt0-bL7ZvRPyQQKnBKLmklotmQ2NFn5qMWJPwm2KmX1HYSRU5f9vy4amrqm61oxi9kzrbZnTHERvBavtaSx6KKsfM-vz9F5UQiLhw/s509/gun%20shots.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="509" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZLK30MaV_buKL1PfdyWCMV_STbnmaMv6spc2TtetD0uAwK83tDIpAKeysxr31XdYUbtPfpRVa-Fc3FvFhzN8ROtt0-bL7ZvRPyQQKnBKLmklotmQ2NFn5qMWJPwm2KmX1HYSRU5f9vy4amrqm61oxi9kzrbZnTHERvBavtaSx6KKsfM-vz9F5UQiLhw/w400-h268/gun%20shots.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Limited communal development activities</b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Many community developments are
obtained through mobilizing local communities. It becomes challenging to rally
people for community improvement when war is raging. More often than not, a
precarious position is created in which every attempt to rally people towards a
developmental end might be interpreted as an overt claim to power. In the midst
of violent chieftaincy conflict, it could be impossible to maintain the
progress made toward constructing a community hospital via collective effort
and mobilization. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Negative environmental Impact <o:p></o:p></b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">It should also be remembered that
many of the impacts of armed chieftaincy disputes have never been quantified.
The environmental effect of chieftaincy conflicts is one such unquantifiable
impact. There are few markers that allow for a systematic comparison of this
consequence. Various studies have indicated, however, that communities have had
to deal with high levels of carbon monoxide in the air as a result of
retaliatory arson, inadequate sanitation, and a significant quantity of
pollutants. Chieftaincy succession issues in Ghana have paved the way for
illicit logging, unregulated exploitation of environmental resources and a
total breakdown in aspects of environmental protection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span style="font-size: medium;"><br clear="all" />
</span><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/ADMIN/Downloads/Divine%20Studies/Introduction%20Dzokot.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
Gates refers to the groupings decided either by family lineage or right to
inheritance <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/social-studies_29.html" target="_blank">Go to the list of other topics in Social Studies</a><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank">Back to the list of other subjects>></a><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p>
</div>
</div>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-26422771736203010452023-04-12T23:26:00.003-07:002023-04-21T02:35:33.416-07:00Why is it important for people to study West African Traditional Religion today?<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI7GrJtfWynRoyUehvE7UFovStepQU708Jzt31BDvtoKx9F13dh-DfreZ7-U8AjEocMDQ3aADRtmMEQC_QMVZwHq_WHCzN1upyAh9pzKaTKv2gdcMg3WX4poWbulO95ollW4BQX_9G7YjOY8YA2iNJC8mv2tZ8byu8UjZc2Fons_Wq45KtcWM4A7Prvw/s940/Your%20paragraph%20text.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="788" data-original-width="940" height="335" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI7GrJtfWynRoyUehvE7UFovStepQU708Jzt31BDvtoKx9F13dh-DfreZ7-U8AjEocMDQ3aADRtmMEQC_QMVZwHq_WHCzN1upyAh9pzKaTKv2gdcMg3WX4poWbulO95ollW4BQX_9G7YjOY8YA2iNJC8mv2tZ8byu8UjZc2Fons_Wq45KtcWM4A7Prvw/w400-h335/Your%20paragraph%20text.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR PEOPLE TO STUDY WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL
RELIGION TODAY?<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Definition</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">West African Traditional Religion (WATR) in the simplest definition
refers to the indigenous religion practiced by the locals before the arrival of
non-native West Africans to the area. The religious practices that existed long
before the arrival of Islam, Christianity and any other form of religion. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">It is practiced in countries like Ghana, Benin, Sierra
Leone, Togo, Liberia, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Mali, just to mention a few. It
originates from the West African Sub-region. It was not brought or introduced
into the region by missionaries like in the case of Christianity and Islam. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">The adherents of West African Traditional Religion believe
in many gods and goddesses and many other spiritual bodies. They venerate their
ancestors and consider them as part of the living.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Like John Mbiti said in his book African religions and
philosophy, “The African is notoriously religious”. West African Traditional
Religion is still practiced today by many people in West Africa, and has also
been adopted by some people in the African diaspora. In Ghana, according to the
2021 census figures, 3.2% of the Ghanaian population practice traditional
religion. According to the Association of Religious Data Archives in 2020, in
Nigeria, traditional region followers were 7.2% of the total population of
Nigeria. The percentage is skewed against traditional religion in many other countries
of West Africa. If this is the reality, and many people have moved to join
religions other than those practiced by their ancestors, why bother to study it
in the first place?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>The study of West African Traditional Religion in modern
times is important for many reasons. </b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>To provide insights into the religion</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">One of the reasons why it is important to study West African
Religion is that it provides insights into the culture of the people. With the
coming of Islam and Christianity, many, especially, young people are unable to
appreciate the value of West African Traditional Religion to the adherents.
This lack of insight makes people who do not understand the culture of the
people, the things that bind them together socially, and the influence of the
religion over their political dynamics, to look down on the religion. It is the
belief that a knowledge of the religion will give the needed deep understanding
and appreciation of the world around them, the linkages between them and the
world in which they live. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Studying West African Traditional Religion is again
important because it makes it easier to understand the thinking of the people and
how they behave. It is difficult to understand people if you do not know the principles
upon which their behaviour is based. The ways of a people are determined by their
religion and the indigenous West African are not different. Their ways are
shaped by the principles that underpin their religion. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is important, therefore, to study West
African Traditional Religion so that we can understand the people who practice
that religion and their world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Adjust policy to suit the thinking of the people</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Some policy initiatives in West Africa have not worked as
smoothly as was envisaged on the drawing board. Policy failures may have been
due to several reasons, including the misunderstanding of the religious beliefs
of the people. The Jehovah’s Witnesses, for example, do not accept blood
transfusion and do not donate either. This doctrine is well documented. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">A study of West African Traditional Religion is important so
that policy makers can understand the rationale behind their beliefs, customs
and practices to be able to initiate policies that take these nuances into
consideration in the planning and subsequent implementation of government policies
directed to them.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Political parties, using knowledge about WATR to carve
messages directed to the adherents of the religion. Business entities like
insurance companies could also use their knowledge about WATR to design
insurance policies that cater for their needs. Marketing companies may also use
that knowledge to design messages directed to that segment of the market.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU75OztMAZg7ERofMEm3qq3pPoXrdy5u92naKmkaWkicbdjQiw0dc5JykOSvgwfbP4uc6ki5f6woWyVfkUJEdi_6lk6AioE4N46mBYTcEyH60ehw-VS6DbcAfBPbMROwJfBFDW_VBCWcbg80Z7A7GcCg_huj5davIoCAaGxaNS-kDVMxe4fetaNRKA0w/s510/WATR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="510" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU75OztMAZg7ERofMEm3qq3pPoXrdy5u92naKmkaWkicbdjQiw0dc5JykOSvgwfbP4uc6ki5f6woWyVfkUJEdi_6lk6AioE4N46mBYTcEyH60ehw-VS6DbcAfBPbMROwJfBFDW_VBCWcbg80Z7A7GcCg_huj5davIoCAaGxaNS-kDVMxe4fetaNRKA0w/s320/WATR.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>(<i>An African village</i>)<br /><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-size: large;"><i>Application of traditional moral principles</i></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Like many other religions, West African Traditional Religion
has some moral teachings which were used, in the past, to control social
behaviour. Some of those moral teachings may still be relevant to modern
society. A study of West African Traditional Religion would, therefore, help to
adopt ways for applying those moral principles in their daily lives and how
they relate to people and the environment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Help people to understand and appreciate the indigenous
beliefs of the people<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Knowledge among many people today about West African
Traditional Region is scanty. Many people see it as a very bad religion,
associating it with devilish activities. A deeper study of the religion may
help people to know about the religion, understand the underlying practices.
With this knowledge, the people can appreciate the indigenous beliefs of the
people.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Promote coexistence with people of other religions</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">There are three main religions in many of the West African
countries; we have Christianity, Islam and West African Traditional Religion
(WATR). The first two have overtaken WATR in popularity and size though it was
the major religion before the coming of the first two. All the three have
existed for a while now, though there have been some clashes. It is important
to study West African Traditional Religion in order to encourage the three
religions to co-exist for lasting peace to reign.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Promotes a better appreciation of other religions<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Today, we live in global village and the power of the
World-Wide World, unites us though we live miles apart from each other. A study
of WATR would give a better knowledge of the culture and religious traditions
of the various regions of the world. This would throw more light on the
understanding of the world.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Some questions to ponder over:</b> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">1. Analyze the rationale for the study of West African Traditional Religion.</p><p class="MsoNormal">2. <span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Explain why the educated African should study </span>West African Traditional Religion.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Religion<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" style="font-size: large;" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a></p><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/list-of-subjects.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;">Go to the list of other subjects>></span></a><br /><p></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-69034829707936094642023-04-07T22:52:00.010-07:002023-04-07T23:52:16.067-07:00The causes of disputes in salt producing communities that may lead to conflicts and violence<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizW3Xo7ZjujcylsfZvnmfF1F4Pwa8JUjveeBiIPGYVx6-6_9ZXWnerWPLEoB4LTMWPwthpZp-FC4Zwap6N8H9lC1CP38zYqpogorZ5WBUDy20Ukgu30Vzw7hRG3qAFcoBD8ykqa0j28yH0mJXPv9f306VgMJXHsI1EDwBMRuBhSsjykAJcrjL1oLDqJQ/s480/Disputes_1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="480" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizW3Xo7ZjujcylsfZvnmfF1F4Pwa8JUjveeBiIPGYVx6-6_9ZXWnerWPLEoB4LTMWPwthpZp-FC4Zwap6N8H9lC1CP38zYqpogorZ5WBUDy20Ukgu30Vzw7hRG3qAFcoBD8ykqa0j28yH0mJXPv9f306VgMJXHsI1EDwBMRuBhSsjykAJcrjL1oLDqJQ/w400-h284/Disputes_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;"><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><b style="text-align: left;">THE CAUSES OF DISPUTES IN SALT PRODUCING COMMUNITIES THAT MAY LEAD TO CONFLICTS AND VIOLENCE </b></div><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Introduction </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Resources, over the years, have been sources of conflict.
There have been conflicts over gold, diamonds, oil reserves, farm lands, access
to trade routes, the Sea and salt.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Salt was important as the giver of taste in foods, means of
exchange, store of value, symbol of peace, and an export and import commodity. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Salt production has been a source of conflict between and
among individuals and people. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Why would people have disputes over salt?</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">There may be several reasons why people would have disputes
over salt. Salt disputes have ranged between personal differences over
ownership of a heap of salt in a small community to full blown fights resulting
in the use of clubs and firearms and the loss of lives. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Reasons for violence in salt mining areas</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Stealing </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Among the coastal salt mining areas near the Keta Lagoon,
ownership of salt pits was not well defined. When the salt crystals form, those
who go to gather and heap, lay claim to what they heaped by demarcating with
landmarks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">It so happens that some community members steal heaped salt belonging
to others. If the thief is found out, he or she incurred the displeasure of the
owner. Such situations led to individual or even family disputes. However, this
scenario is not as great an issue as other reasons for conflicts in salt mining
areas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Desire to control coastal territories and trade with Europeans at
the coast. </b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: medium; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the colonial era, trade routes had
long been established to the north and to the north of Ashanti territories. To
the north, Ashanti merchants had been exchanging kola nuts and other items for salt.
In the southern trade routes, they exchanged gold, ivory, rubber, slaves etc.,
for firearms, gun powder, drinks and salt.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="background: white; font-size: medium;">To gain greater control of the trade at the
coast, the Ashantis laid a claim to the coast line controlled by the Fantes.
The then British Commander, Sir Charles MacCarthy, would tolerate no such
nonsense. He marche<span class="ignored">d into K</span>umasi, in 1823, and
attacked the Ashantis. In the battle, his troops were defeated. He himself
beheaded and his head publicly displayed.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="background: white; font-size: medium;">Having demystified the strength of the British
army, the Ashantis marched to the coast, engaged the British army and defeated
them.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="background: white; font-size: medium;">It is not clear if the desire to control the
trade at the coast was motivated by the need for salt or the control of the same.
However, it can infer from the events leading to the battle that control of
trade, at the coast, in various commodities, including salt, may have led to
the battle.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOepaK3Q4bAtiAvxHRC42zZa5L9O7VafByMZV_adgZfgaY4f-3pg00eUqY7OIXutTgobSb5qCAguiSvwc4iaSGsbLsAdKagaVNoikNlXNpQPf3QxjLZkmz8Zr4IkC7fPAT45UmpNrDzLj8drl-9tDROqPy4cWcjC3wASBGJIIlhgAY5xCJ2s1Zi_OPhw/s453/conflict%20salt_3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="453" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOepaK3Q4bAtiAvxHRC42zZa5L9O7VafByMZV_adgZfgaY4f-3pg00eUqY7OIXutTgobSb5qCAguiSvwc4iaSGsbLsAdKagaVNoikNlXNpQPf3QxjLZkmz8Zr4IkC7fPAT45UmpNrDzLj8drl-9tDROqPy4cWcjC3wASBGJIIlhgAY5xCJ2s1Zi_OPhw/w400-h300/conflict%20salt_3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Government preference for commercial salt mining</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Successive governments have over the years opted for industrial
salt mining over small-scale ones and that has also been a source of conflict. Governments
have licensed or leased concessions to limited liability companies to mine for salt
in hitherto, traditionally owned stool lands. For example, in 1971, the then
military junta, granted a long-term lease to Vacuum Salt Limited to mine a
portion of the Songhor Lagoon covering some 12428 acres. Again, in 2015, Kensington
Salt Industries Limited, now Seven Seas Salt Limited, was given a 7000 acre
concession, about 97% of the area, to mine in the Keta Lagoon. Also, in 2020,
Electrochem Ghana Limited received a 15year mining lease, ratified by the
parliament of Ghana to mine salt in the Songhor Lagoon. The concession covered
39,141.5 acres. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">This penchant for giving concessions for commercial salt
mining has also been a major contribution to conflicts in salt mining areas.
The interests of these companies are sometimes in contrast to the local people
among whom the concessions are.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Indigenes feel deprived of their God-given resource</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">The local people consider natural resources in their area
God-given. Any attempt to take it away from them and given out to commercial
entities is resisted fiercely. In the Ada Songhor lagoon, for example, salt is
seen as given to the town by God and therefore, a priest was ordained to
oversee the resource. The Libi Wornor (Salt Priest) is the spiritual head of
the Songhor Lagoon. The locals consider the lagoon as a deity. In a strict
traditional sense, the Salt Priest is the owner of the salt in the Songhor
Lagoon. He holds it in trust for the people. When Seven Seas Salt Limited, received
97% of the Keta Lagoon in a concession given to it by the government of the
day, only a paltry 3% was left for them, according to <a href="https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Take-Over-Of-Keta-Lagoon-For-30-000-402758">ghanaweb.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nobody would allow another to take away something that
belongs to him. The taking over of salt resources in salt producing areas
through concessions given by governments has led to resistance leading to persistent
conflicts. In May, 1985, for example, leaders of the Ada Traditional Area
clashed with Vacuum Salt Limited and this resulted in the death of one Margret
Kuwornu. She was pregnant at the time of her death. A statue stands in her
honour today in their community. The <a href="http://www.businessworldghana.com/g-others-sued-salt-mining-keta-laggon-complex/">businessworldghana.com</a>,
in August, 2017, reported that demonstrations in March, 2017 over the
activities of Seven Seas Salt Mining Limited in Adina in the Ketu South
district of the Volta Region, resulted in one death. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">In August, 2017, the businessworldghana.com reported
demonstrations over the activities of Seven Seas Salt Mining Limited in Adina
in the Ketu South district of the Volta Region, which resulted in one death.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style="font-size: medium;">Loss of traditional a source of income <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">For the local people in salt mining communities, salt is
considered a traditional source of income. About fifty communities have been
mining salt in the Songhor Lagoon, for instance, for centuries. Income from
salt mining and selling has helped the locals to put food on the table for
their families, to train their children in school and in other trades, and to
acquire personal properties. The leasing of large acres of traditional salt
mining areas to commercial entities has led to the loss of these traditional
sources of income. According to an August, 2022 Newsletter by the Ada Songhor
Lagoon Association, 35,000 Sea salt producers have been deprived of their
source of livelihood by the lease given to Electrochem Ghana Limited. If people
are pushed to the wall in this manner, there is bound to be resistance and this
is another reason for conflict over salt. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Companies not operating within the lease agreements signed with the
government </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">The commercial companies licensed to produce salt sometimes
go outside the mandate given to them by government Seven Seas Company, for
example, was licensed to mine salt using an agreed method, but they have now
been accused of mining brine, something they were not licensed to engage in.
The local people have also accused the company of pumping water from under the
ground, thus depriving them of the needed water to aid crop cultivation. </span><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjarrVCx2r1rpKbCfOF-dslf5m4i4c8_KDkOo8xgyuj9rGBikIHbgEExM1IeU-rb2oMHh3IgM5g_uP3Cg89gr2BMYszv8Tp9TfJnRjCkdsYZ-pMxv9AQOAr9DptohAvcok6z85ySBCs3kRcn6sqL4yXV1uM3IGik3ql2wj2SZ-J-NN_XU4xM5WYFX3PfQ/s675/conflict%20sat_2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="675" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjarrVCx2r1rpKbCfOF-dslf5m4i4c8_KDkOo8xgyuj9rGBikIHbgEExM1IeU-rb2oMHh3IgM5g_uP3Cg89gr2BMYszv8Tp9TfJnRjCkdsYZ-pMxv9AQOAr9DptohAvcok6z85ySBCs3kRcn6sqL4yXV1uM3IGik3ql2wj2SZ-J-NN_XU4xM5WYFX3PfQ/w400-h201/conflict%20sat_2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><i><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Mistrust of community leaders</span></b></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">At the 7<sup>th</sup> Annual General Meeting of the Elmina
Salt Industry in the Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abrem municipality of the Central
Region in September, 2011, a modernghana.com report captured the Vice Board
Chairman, Nana Kodwo Eduakwa V appealing to the residents of Elmina not to
accuse the Paramount Chief of misappropriating the profits of the Elmina Salt
Industry. In the report, there was no direct reference to anyone accusing the
Paramount Chief of misappropriation, but that admonition from the Vice Board
Chair signaled the fact that some of the local people did not trust the
traditional leadership and suspected him of tampering with proceeds from
royalties from salt. Mistrust is generated when the locals feel that their
leaders are in cahoots with people to exploit their resources.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Concessionaires not adhering to the terms of their
concession<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">In December, 2015, <a href="https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Take-Over-Of-Keta-Lagoon-For-30-000-402758">modernghana.com</a>
reported that Seven Seas Salt Limited, was granted a concession (7000 acres of
the Keta Lagoon) to mine salt. The agreement with the Minerals Commission of
Ghana was for the company to use Sea brine to produce salt. However, the company
was now using surface water and underground pools instead. The company is also
accused of operating in areas not originally part of their original concession,
encroaching on lands belonging to other communities. There is much mistrust
between the two parties as a result. These are recipes for conflict.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i>Conclusion</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">The reasons for conflicts in salt mining communities are many.
These may not be all but it clearly points to the fact that resource wars are
lurking in the dark if these differences are not amicably resolved by the
parties involved. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Also read <a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2017/05/the-importance-of-salt-to-economy-of-pre-colonial-ghana.html#:~:text=Salt%20was%20important%20because%20it,ensured%20that%20no%20blisters%20developed." target="_blank">The importance salt to the economy of pre-colonial Ghana</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a></span></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> <a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/history_14.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in History</a></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><br /><p></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8351913307657842898.post-81318083219602533782023-03-31T22:44:00.028-07:002023-05-08T08:14:21.879-07:00The importance of salt mining communities to the economy of pre-colonial Ghana<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFyy2U4ENifLWlhE3QFQyJScaHlfrLguFlD258fogrkKtJFIb7j11ilwYG-1qslYgB4ZmCo0sl_aR5mLIbsz3rWM5njMsZZbJbekEs2uemWAap3QG7Lu0riIEwKbOg0OWnkSyGy9W_fNS98N-aIp1wXDfF8pNpQOx31tkoFEmDQ2r5XleHtgH4SemYKA/s510/salt%20mining.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="510" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFyy2U4ENifLWlhE3QFQyJScaHlfrLguFlD258fogrkKtJFIb7j11ilwYG-1qslYgB4ZmCo0sl_aR5mLIbsz3rWM5njMsZZbJbekEs2uemWAap3QG7Lu0riIEwKbOg0OWnkSyGy9W_fNS98N-aIp1wXDfF8pNpQOx31tkoFEmDQ2r5XleHtgH4SemYKA/w640-h426/salt%20mining.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><b>THE IMPORTANCE OF SALT MINING
COMMUNITIES TO THE ECONOMY OF PRE-COLONIAL GHANA</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b></span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Salt has
been a very important commodity in the life of humankind. It was the same in
pre-colonial Ghana. It was a source of great wealth and a medium of exchange.
It was used as a preservative to preserve meat and fish. Salt was
used to prolong the shelf life of food. This was to reduce post-harvest losses.
It was also used to add some taste to food. The discovery of salt added a lot
more taste to food. Without salt, food was hitherto tasteless. It was a
source of employment to those who lived in the mining towns and were willing to
work. There were salt merchants who needed to carry their commodity to other
places to sell and since there were no vehicles in those days, the salt was carried
by head-porters across towns and villages to distant markets. Salt was also
important as medication in the treatment of burns. When applied immediately
after the burn occurred, it prevented blisters from developing. It was also used as a symbol of peace.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><i><b>Types of salt mining</b></i></span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Salt mining took different forms
depending on where it was mined but the most common system was the use of solar energy.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt;">Along the coast,
Sea water was collected inside deliberately dug holes. The Sea water was allowed
evaporate and this leaves behind salts crystals. The salt crystals were processed for
domestic use or for sale.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Some people
collected Sea water into bowls. The water was allowed to evaporate leaving salt
crystals in the bowl.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Salt could be collected
from rocks. The salt rocks were soaked in water. The salt dissolved into the
water. The salty water was left to evaporate. The salt crystals were left in
the container.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"><i><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Pre-colonial
salt mining towns/villages</b></span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The search for salt, as a commercial
commodity, dates back many centuries. Some towns and villages in pre-colonial Ghana,
which are important as salt mining towns, are discussed in the following
paragraphs.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Ada</b></span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Ada is an important pre-colonial salt
mining town. It is situated at the south-eastern coast of Ghana and in the Ada
West District of the Greater Accra region. Ada is reputed to have the largest
lagoon in Ghana called Songhor Lagoon. It is also reputed to be the richest
salt mine in West Africa, having half of Ghana’s salt deposits. Local
communities have, for centuries mined salt. It was their basic source of household
provision. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Traditional salt mining has been
carried out by the indigenous people since pre-colonial times. Today, in
addition to traditional salt mining, some companies have been given concessions
and are using modern methods to produce salt.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Salt mining offered economic benefits
to the local people in the pre-colonial era and now as an additional source of
employment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Today, Ada is still a major salt
producing area, where commercial and artisanal mining is practiced side by
side. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A major salt producing
company in the area, currently, is Electrochem Ghana Limited which was given a 15year
mining lease in 2020. A </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://3news.com/portions-of-the-ada-songor-lagoon-released-for-salt-mining/#:~:text=The%20Ada%20Songhor%20Salt%20Project%20initially%20produced%2060%2C000%20tonnes%20of,million%20dollars%20in%20the%20project."><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">3news report</span></a></span><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> published on
30</span></span><sup style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;">th</sup><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> November, 2022, indicates that at the time of the report,
Electrochem was producing between 200,000 to 300,000 metric </span>tons<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> of salt
annually. The projection, however, is to produce 2million tons of salt
annually from 2023. The local people also have their concessions where they produce salt. To promote peace, commercial entities freely give out their
concessions to the local people to mine salt.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Daboya</b></span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">This is another very important
pre-colonial salt mining town in Ghana. It is situated some 67 kilometres to
the northwest of Tamale. Administratively, Daboya is in the North Gonja
district, in the newly created Savannah region. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">From the 1700s to the 1800s, Daboya had
been a source of salt. Some say, Daboya had supplied over half of the salt
needs of pre-colonial Ghana. This had brought in a lot of money to the town.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A visit to the salt mine by Beatrice
Senadju, in a </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UhCk2pbIIcI"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">video documentary</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> shows that the reputed vast pre-colonial salt mine, much talked about is now a pale shadow of its past. In the documentary, one
could see her pick pieces of salt from the top of some rocks but no mining
activity is going on at the time of her visit. According to the District Chief
Executive of North Gonja, Adam Eliasu, who was interviewed by Beatrice in her
documentary, the salt is there in commercial quantities. However, they are not
able to mine it for now. Mining requires huge investments which is
unavailable at the moment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP5yHI0qXGJtKEJTVThu-KLflUkBmxdJ6oWI6Qu7j0ti5LLHr7zDfkhhmaDweX_uGDj_Ugtg0XUrMEqSV3rKnFHDPYe_cMfYMWNfO3H0tFyoK7H8DakiFjfY7aoj5WkDxvWVUJxUDALKD-2ID03n9npvTW8SVBjfIvMRYkMA-ALhm7_fqPeYzQkrYkEA/s510/Salt%20mine.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="510" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP5yHI0qXGJtKEJTVThu-KLflUkBmxdJ6oWI6Qu7j0ti5LLHr7zDfkhhmaDweX_uGDj_Ugtg0XUrMEqSV3rKnFHDPYe_cMfYMWNfO3H0tFyoK7H8DakiFjfY7aoj5WkDxvWVUJxUDALKD-2ID03n9npvTW8SVBjfIvMRYkMA-ALhm7_fqPeYzQkrYkEA/w400-h266/Salt%20mine.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.75pt;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Keta lagoon</b></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">For centuries, salt has been mined in
areas around the Keta lagoon. It was one of the major commercial activities of
the people as it raked in money and resources for them. It was also an
important medium of exchange in the day. A lot of other towns and villages
along the area up to Denu, in the Ketu South district of the Volta Region,
mined salt. </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">These villages were close to lagoons and not too far from the Sea. Water
from the Sea is carried by tidal waves to mix with the lagoon water. In the dry
season, the water evaporates, leaving salt crystals
behind for the locals to collect. Some of these towns were Blekusu, Havedzi,
Agavedzi, Adina and Afiadenyigba. In Anyarko, a peninsular close to Keta, salt
crystals are left behind when the lagoon dried up in the dry season. This was
harvested and sold or used for domestic consumption. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Today, commercial salt
mining is replacing artisanal mining. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Seven Sea Salt Company, agreement
ends in 2026, subject to renewal. Kensington Salt Industries Ltd.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Elmina</b></span></i><b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Elmina can be found in
the Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abrem Municipality of the Central Region of Ghana. It
was also known for its salt mining activities in pre-colonial Ghana. Elmina was
into the salt trade several years before the arrival of the colonialists. There
was a booming trade in salt with the inland people like the Ashantis. This salt
trade was important to the people since it brought in a lot of money. The town
was also important because it served as a conduit for channelling salt through
the several trade routes it was connected to at the time.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Local salt mining served
a source of employment to the local people. Since it was and still is a fish
producing area, one may assume that salt was also important in preserving their
stock of fish to better prolong their shelf life.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Commercial salt mining
is still going on by a Ghanaian owned Elmina Salt Industry (ESI). However,
their activity has dwindled. It is a great source of foreign exchange since
their product is exported to neighbouring countries such as Burkina Faso. In
the 1950s, Pambros Salt Industries Limited also mined salt in Elmina, but after
their lease expired, they relocated to Accra, at Weija. Mining by the local
people is still happening in Elmina. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Apam</b></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Apam is also a
pre-colonial salt-mining town situated in the Gomoa West district. Lying along
the coasts of Ghana, it is about 45km from Cape Coast, the capital town of the
Central Region. The major activity of the people is fishing, but salt mining
also finds space, in addition to trading.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Solar energy was employed to evaporate the Sea water so salt crystals
could be left behind for harvest and sell. It was an alternative to fishing and
trading. Commercial salt mining started in the 1950, when Pambros Salt Industries
Limited got a lease to start salt production. By 1957-8, their lease expired.
It is not clear whether the company was refused extension. The company
relocated to Accra in 1958 to start the current Pambros Salt Industries in
Weija<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Conclusion</b></span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">One can conclude that, of the many
pre-colonial salt mining areas, many are still mining salt while others, for
lack of investments, have stopped production. Salt is still a great source,
livelihood to the locals and major companies have been operating to mine salt
in commercial quantities for local distribution and export.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/2017/05/the-importance-of-salt-to-economy-of-pre-colonial-ghana.html#:~:text=Salt%20was%20important%20because%20it,ensured%20that%20no%20blisters%20developed." target="_blank">The importance of salt to the economy of pre-colonial Ghana</a> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><a href="https://www.virtualkollage.com/p/history_14.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in history>></a><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.75pt;"><br /></p>Chester Mortonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09500474537201400116noreply@blogger.com