Virtual Kollage: TOURISM

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Posted by Chester Morton / Thursday, 2 August 2018 / No comments

How the appreciation of the concept of e-tourism can enhance the business of a travel agent or tour operator.

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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b>APPRECIATING THE CONCEPT
OF E-TOURISM<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">E-tourism describes an
area of tourism which is managed using extensive Information Communication
Technology (ICT) and related technological applications. Through the use of ICT
by tourists and tourism businesses, the process of benefiting from the value offered
by tourism is moved away from manual to digital means. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Put in another way when
IT and e-commerce solutions are applied to help make tourism available by the
owners of tourism businesses to those who want to benefit from it, we can then
say e-tourism is being practiced.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In e-tourism, the value
chain of tourism such as travel, hospitality, leisure and catering services are
digitized so that they can either be assessed remotely or by internet means.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In a nut shell,
e-tourism is a way by which the tourism industry is seeks to adapt to how the
preferences and travel trends of tourists and potential customers of the
tourist sector are changing. As people spend more time on their electronic and
mobile devices, the tourist sector must change to suit the way people book
their travel arrangements. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b><i>The Role of ICT in
E-tourism</i></b></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Information
Communication Technology is very important in managing businesses. It helps
businesses to expand into new markets. In addition, it empowers employees of
the business to take initiative and also the business to lower its cost of
operation. Aside these, it enhances the business’ capacity to reach its
customers in a timely and convenient manner.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b><i>Functions of E-tourism</i></b></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The main functions of e-tourism
are that it helps tourist businesses to market their products and services
electronically, that is, by using internet tools. It also allows the tourism
business to digitize its accounting and finance function, manage its human
resource electronically through the use of human resource information systems,
procure their supplies through electronic means and use digital tools in
planning its long term business objectives.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b><i>Outcomes of E-tourism</i></b></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">E-tourism transforms
tourism business by making sure the whole value chain and business process are
tightly linked to the strategy of the business so that the business is able to
cater for the concerns of its stakeholders.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">E-tourism also ensures
that the business takes advantage of the internet and intranet to reorganize its
business transaction with business partners, customers and major business
stakeholders.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">E-tourism helps the
tourism business to remain competitive both in the long and the short term.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)</b><br />
1.a.Explain the concept of electronic tourism.<br />
b. What three functions does e-tourism perform for a tour operator?<br />
c. Explain three ways in which e-tourism can impact the business of tourism.<br />
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<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/07/monuments-heritages-and-galleries-to-visit-on-your-next-trip-Nigeria.html" target="_blank">Some monuments, heritages and galleries to visit when you next travel to Nigeria</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/07/Some-major-festivals-in-Nigeria.html" target="_blank">Some major festivals in Nigeria</a><br />
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How the appreciation of the concept of e-tourism can enhance the business of a travel agent or tour operator.

APPRECIATING THE CONCEPT OF E-TOURISM Introduction E-tourism describes an area of tourism which is managed using extensive Informati...

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Posted by Chester Morton / Saturday, 28 July 2018 / No comments

Some major festivals in Nigeria

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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><img alt="African Woman Woman Nigeria Woman Black Fe" height="640" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/08/09/12/43/african-woman-1580545__340.jpg" width="424" /></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>FESTIVALS IN NIGERIA</b><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Festivals are a major factor in the Nigerian tourism industry
apart from their cultural significance. Over the years, many festivals in
Nigeria have evolved into international dimensions. Visitors come from wide and
near just to witness the activities associated with a particular festival. Some
selected festivals are discussed in the following write up.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Image result for free images of Argungu festival" height="212" 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" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: tourguidenigeria.com</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Argungu International Fishing Festival</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One of the
major festivals celebrated in Nigeria is the Argungu International Fishing
Festival of the people of Kebbi State in North-Western Nigeria and which takes
place near the Mmatan Fada River. This annual festival is usually celebrated in
the later part of February into early March. It is celebrated for four straight
days. Some of the activities engaged in include hand-fishing, canoe racing,
wrestling and boxing. One major reason for the festival is to contribute to
peace between the Argungu and neighbouring communities of Sokoto. Another
reason is to maintain the quality of the water and ensure the fish stock is not
depleted. One advantage of the festival is that it helps to transfer unique
fishing techniques to the younger generations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Oshogbo International Festival<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Oshogbo International Festival was first celebrated as a
local festival dating back about six hundred years. The people of Osun, in the
South-Western area of Nigeria, have been celebrating this festival since 1370.
The foundation of this festival is the ancient relationship between the River
Goddess and the first chief of the town called Oba (Chief) Gbadewolu Laroye. Currently,
the festival has assumed an international proportion with visitors coming from
both outside the state of Osun, where the festival takes place and also from
outside Nigeria. The festival is based on the belief that Oshogbo town was
founded by the Osun river goddess that is why the Osun Oshogbo festival must be
celebrated to honour the goddess. In the month of August every year, the people
gather at the sacred groove of the goddess to partake in the activities or to
just observe and admire the traditions of the people. In recent times, the
festival is attended by tens of thousands of devotees, well-wishers and tourists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>New yam festival</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The New Yam Festival is another major festival that is
celebrated in Nigeria. This time, it is celebrated by the Igbo ethnic group.
The festival is usually celebrated at the end of the rainy season of every year;
this is mostly in the early parts of the month of August. Typically, the
festival marks the end of one season and the beginning of another one. The
underlying elements in the festivities show the prominence that is given to the
yam crop in the social and cultural lives of the people. The festival is marked
by ritual cleansing of the people to prepare them for the new yam. This festival
attracts a large group of people from all walks of life and from different
parts of Nigeria and the world. It has also become a significant schedule on
the tourism calendar of the people of Nigeria.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<img alt="Rings, Jewellery, Wedding, Gold, Marry" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/08/12/18/15/rings-2634929__340.png" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Shao mass wedding</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Shao mass wedding is organized annually by the Shao
community of Moro Local Government Area in Kwara State. On this occasion, every
girl who has reached the marriageable age by traditional standards and has
gotten a suitor is married off. Marriage ceremonies are restricted to this time
of the year alone. The uniqueness of this marriage festival has attracted
international attention and many tourists come every year to witness the
ceremony. Its full potentials are waiting to be tapped by the people of the
community and the State’s Tourism Board.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Sharo festival</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Sharo (flogging) Festival is a rite of passage where male
adolescents of the community are accepted into adulthood. The ceremony is
common among the Fulani community in West Africa. In Nigeria, one of the most
prominent Sharo Festivals is the one celebrated by the Fulfulde-speaking
nomads. One activity associated with the festival is the flogging of young men
by other young men who challenge each other to a contest. At this ceremony, the
endurance levels of the young men are tested to highest point of elasticity.
The festival is celebrated biannually; the first one during the harvesting of
guinea corn and the second one is celebrated during the Muslim festival of
Id-el-Karbir. Usually, after this festival, the young men are accepted as adult
members of the society and can therefore assume adult roles such as getting
married.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<img alt="Wrestling Fight Martial Arts Grappling Wre" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/03/31/17/45/wrestling-1293885__340.png" /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Fare Wrestling Festivals<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fare wrestling is a common phenomenon in many Nigerian
communities. It dates back to pre-colonial times and some communities have kept
the practice going and have turned it into great annual tourist destinations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One of these many fare wrestling festivals is the Kokowa
Wrestling Festival in Zamfara State. The festival takes place mostly in the dry
season when there is less farm work. At this wrestling festival, young men gather
at the village square to exhibit their skills and supremacy in wrestling
matches. The winners of wrestling matches are handsomely rewarded and are
accorded much respect in the village, especially among their peer groups.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another one is the Anioma Cultural Festival in Delta State.
It is an annual event which is organized by the Organization for the
Advancement of Anioma Culture (OFAAC). The festival involves drumming and
dancing in addition to wrestling contests.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. a. What is a festival?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span>b. Identify and
highlight five festivals in your country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/07/the-roles-of-private-agencies-in-tourism-in-Nigeria.html" target="_blank">The roles of private agencies in tourism in Nigeria</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/07/the-roles-of-public-agencies-in-tourism-in-Nigeria.html" target="_blank">The roles of public agencies in tourism in Nigeria</a><br />
<br />
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<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/tourism.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics tourism>></a><br />
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Some major festivals in Nigeria

FESTIVALS IN NIGERIA Introduction Festivals are a major factor in the Nigerian tourism industry apart from their cultural significan...

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Posted by Chester Morton / Thursday, 26 July 2018 / No comments

The roles of private agencies in tourism in Nigeria

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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><img alt="Black Men White Lady Asian Green Walk Coto" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/08/08/08/49/funkyp-and-white-lady-1577898__340.jpg" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>IDENTIFICATION AND ROLES OF PRIVATE TOURISM AGENCIES IN
NIGERIA</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It has been long realized that the development of some
sectors of a national economy cannot be achieved without the input of private
players. This has led to public-private partnerships in many sectors of national economies. In the tourism sector of the Nigerian economy many private
individuals and companies have added their efforts to the national agenda. Some
of these individuals have come together to form associations to better focus on
the collective agenda. These associations have been identified and discussed
below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Federation of Tourism Association of Nigeria </b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Federation of Tourism Associations of Nigeria (FTAN) came
into existence in 1997. It was founded by the Federal Ministry of Culture and
National Orientation. The primary aim of its founding was to make it easy for
the ministry to liaise with private operators in the tourism and cultural sector. The FTAN thus became the Umbrella body of all the Tourism and tourism
related Associations in Nigeria. According to FTAN, “Our vision is to grow the
domestic tourism market and to position Nigeria as the leading business tourist
destination in West Africa."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">According to information gleaned from their official website,
one of the many functions of FTAN is to “Act as the apex body to provide
leadership, direction and control for private sector travel, hospitality and
allied services associations/businesses.” It is also to “Co-ordinate, promote
and protect the interest of the sector of the nation’s economy and in
particular the interests of its members.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>National Association of Nigeria Travel Agencies (NANTA)<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1973, a group of individual travel agents realized the importance
of getting organized as a national body of travel agents. The aim was first
to promote the interests of their business and secondly to serve as the voice
of private agencies in tourism. It was also to regulate the activities of
travel agencies and to discipline erring members so as to instill
professionalism into the industry. Today, the association is recognized by a
number of national and international travel and tourism organizations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img alt="Culture Africa Mexico Traditional Fashion" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/06/23/15/14/culture-1475550__340.jpg" /></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Association of Nigerian Journalists and Writers on Tourism (ANTWT)<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Association of Nigerian Journalists and Writers on
Tourism was established in the latter half of the 1990s. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their mission statement is “to criticize as
the case maybe, promote, entertain, educate and engage in agenda setting to put
the drivers of the industry on the right track, on developing the tourism
industry to its desired potentialities through publication of activities of the tourism
and its allied sectors, players in the tourism industry etc.” One of the things
the association does is to set the agenda on tourism. They write on topical
issues, criticizing or praising individuals and groups with the aim of
sanitizing the sector.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>National Association of Tour Operators (NATOP) <o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The National Association of Tour Operators as the name
suggests, is the national body for all tour operators in Nigeria. One important
aim of the association is to play an advocacy role in the development of tourism
policies and promotion/marketing of tourism in Nigeria. Also it aims at creating
conducive environments for the tourism businesses of the members to flourish.
Its main function is to regulate tour operating businesses in Nigeria.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Hospitality and Tourism Management Association of Nigeria (HATMAN)</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Hospitality and Tourism Management Association of Nigeria
(HATMAN) was established in 1996. It comprises members from allied industries
such as hotels, contract catering, fast food, pubs and clubs to mention just a
few. The membership is found all over the 36 states of Nigeria and the federal
capital territory. According to documents of the association sighted, the main
purpose of the association “…is to identify, promote and maintain the highest
professional and ethical standards for management, education and training in
the international hospitality and tourism industry.” The association serves as
the umbrella body for all hospitality and tourism practitioners.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. a. Identify five private agencies operating in the tourism
industry in Nigeria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span>b. Highlight the
roles played by the agencies listed above.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/07/marketing-tools-in-tourism.html" target="_blank">Marketing tools in tourism</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/07/the-meaning-of-tourism-marketing.html" target="_blank">The meaning of tourism marketing</a><br />
<br />
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<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/tourism.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in tourism>></a><br />
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The roles of private agencies in tourism in Nigeria

IDENTIFICATION AND ROLES OF PRIVATE TOURISM AGENCIES IN NIGERIA Introduction It has been long realized that the development of some ...

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Posted by Chester Morton / Tuesday, 24 July 2018 / No comments

Marketing tools in tourism

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<img alt="Digital Marketing Online Marketing Online" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/07/04/19/23/digital-marketing-1497211__340.jpg" /></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>MARKETING TOOLS IN TOURISM</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i>Introduction</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The tourism sector business is different from business in other industries. This is so because, while in other sectors one may be marketing real products or services, in the tourism industry the managers are promoting places, including all the things that coming to those places offer; and selling events. Furthermore, unlike in other businesses, where competition may be among providers who are locally present, the tourism business opens the firm up to competition from destinations and location all over the world. This means that in order for the business to be successful in tourism marketing, one must always be able to build a very good image of your destination. Various tools can help market tourism to achieve the aim of giving a tourist destination or event, the best images as possible.</div>
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Electronic media: the electronic media are media which use electronic or electromechanical means to broadcast what these media want the public to hear. Electronic media include radio, television, video recordings, audio recordings, CD-ROM power-point presentations and other online content. </div>
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<img alt="Presenter Radio Station Speaker Web Banner" height="232" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/10/29/14/41/presenter-1012472__340.jpg" width="640" /></div>
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<i><b>Radio</b></i> </div>
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One very important means of broadcasting campaigns on benefits of visiting tourist sites to potential visitors is by means of radio. Radio used as a tool for marketing can be a helpful way of reaching people who want to patronize tourist sites. Radio advertising has several advantages, first of all radio adverts are cheaper compared to other means such as TV ads, because usually production costs are lower than adverts on TV. Secondly, radio adverts allows the message to be easily targeted at specific groups; sometimes even to audience in a niche market such sports enthusiast, hiking enthusiast, lovers of nature and so on.  Finally, radio messages have a wider reach because radios are portable and can be carried around unlike the television which is bulkier. People are therefore able to listen to the radio while cleaning, driving or going for a walk. </div>
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<b><i>Television</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
As long as many people watch television as leisure, it can be very effective as a medium of promoting tourist destination and activities. Potential customers spend the most attentive time in front of the TV. Even though television production may be expensive compared to radio or local newspapers, it has the advantage of being able to show live pictures and footages of the tourist destination and activities thus making the message more real and true to life. A number of researches have shown that the average time people spend watching TV in any country ranges from five to six hours. This makes promotion of tourist packages through TV an effective way of reaching customers with product messages. Unlike radio, TV promotions are able to appeal to the sight and hearing by combining sound and pictures. By this means TV provides the greatest chance to market tourism with creative advertising.  Television has the power to stimulate viewers’ interest with colourful scenery of the places being advertised within a rather short period of time. Like many other media of advertising, TV is also suitable for marketing to different segments of the market. </div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Print media</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Print media advertising uses media which are printed in sending out its messages about the product or service being advertised to prospective customers, present consumers and other businesses which may be interested in the product or service offered.  Print media include magazines, newspapers, journals and other forms of publications. Although the introduction of digital media has led to a print media being less used, it has not completely taken over the use of print media. </div>
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<img alt="Newspaper Media Publication News Press Art" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/11/21/02/17/newspaper-1054155__340.jpg" /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Newspapers</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Those who wish to advertise in the newspapers are able to select from a broad range of newspapers. For instance there are local newspapers, international, national or regional newspapers to choose from depending on which audience one wants to target with tourist promotional information. Advertisers of tourist events and venues can buy different classes of space from small size text only adverts to larger spaces with pictures and illustration of tourist centers and events, even up to full pages where one’s budget allows. It is also not uncommon to have double-page spreads for very important adverts which tourism advertisers believe must be conspicuous enough for potential visitors not to miss it.  </div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Magazines</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Magazines allow marketers to reach readers in different market segments. Magazines often are published for various social groupings in mind. For example sports magazines, magazines on health, fashion magazines, magazines on local gossips, some on current affairs, politics and tourism. This makes it easy for tourism marketers to place adverts in magazines to attract persons with specific interest, for example placing an advert on golfing in magazines patronized my middle-upper income earners. Aside from specific interest magazines there are other magazines which cover a broad range of interest area. Such magazines may be used to reach people in the mass marketing of tourist attractions. </div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
Advantages of using both newspapers and magazines are that, they help the marketer to target specific demographic groupings which makes for effective marketing in reaching smaller market segments. Furthermore, advertising in magazines and newspapers offer flexible means of choosing the exact size and location-location and pages on which the adverts must be placed. It also allows the marking personnel to indicate the precise time when they wish the advert to appear. Also some newspapers and magazines have web pages where they also feature adverts placed in their newspapers on the internet. This allows the advert to reach web users as well. Newspaper and magazine adverts also are among some of the most affordable mediums of advertising tourist sites and events. </div>
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<img alt="Magazines Reading Journals Newspapers Stac" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/12/26/16/07/magazines-1108801__340.jpg" /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Journals</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
These are newspapers and magazines which specialize in publishing topics in a particular subject. Usually, journals are highly professional in what they publish as well as how they publish it.  Journals have a huge advantage of attracting professionals whose field of study relates to the area in which the journal specializes. Sometimes, journals have spaces for adverts which relate to their chosen field and therefore adverts placed in these journals can reach out to professionals who may be looking for tourist experiences that match their interest or which provides them with opportunity. An example of this kind would be where a tour operator proposes a travel package to Jerusalem in a religious journal.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i>Publications</i></b></div>
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Publications cover all means of making marketing messages on tourism potential and attraction available to the general public as well as to those who are specially targeted by the marketing that particular message. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1. a. What is tourism marketing?</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
    b. Highlight five tools that are employed in the marketing of tourist destinations</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>ALSO READ:</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/07/the-meaning-of-tourism-marketing.html" target="_blank">The meaning of tourism marketing</a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/07/the-meaning-of-travel-business-and-the-support-groups-associated-with-travel-business.html" target="_blank">The meaning of travel business and the support groups in travel business</a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/" target="_blank"><<Back to Home Page</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/p/tourism.html" target="_blank">Go to other topics in tourism>></a></div>
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Marketing tools in tourism

MARKETING TOOLS IN TOURISM Introduction The tourism sector business is different from business in other industries. This is so be...

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Posted by Chester Morton / Saturday, 21 July 2018 / No comments

The meaning of tourism marketing

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<img alt="San Francisco, Market Street, California" height="296" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/06/03/19/55/san-francisco-2369581__340.jpg" width="640" /></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>MEANING OF TOURISM MARKETING</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By definition, tourism marketing is the relevant marketing steps
and methods used in making tourist locations and sites attractive to visitors. The
ultimate goal of <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">tourism marketing is
to attract tourists to a specific tourist destination. Some of these sites may
include hotels, specific cities having special tourist features, states with
peculiar consumer attractions, centers of conventions and other locations which
are of recreational or travel interest. Tourism marketing mainly entails using
basic marketing techniques and specific strategies to market and drive up
tourist visits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Tourism marketing is
sometimes broken into two main forms: Location marketing and Activity
Marketing. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span><img alt="Bangkok Thailand Floating Market Boats Riv" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/11/03/13/30/bangkok-1020850__340.jpg" style="background-color: transparent;" /></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i><b>Location Marketing</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Location marketing deals with the
methods used in attracting people to specific locations. Often location
marketing is silent on sites or kinds of accommodation available. The principle
here is that when a location is well known, other attractions within the
location is marketed as well. In instances where the location may be so well
known the tourism marketer simply needed to remind potential visitors that the
place exists and that they stand to have a good time when they visit. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Location marketing like many marketing
measures uses slogans, catchwords and zingers. For example, concerning a city
like Las Vegas in the USA, the often used catchphrase used to market it is “what
happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas” suggesting privacy and the benefit of a place
where one can be free from scrutiny. For a place like Florida, “the Sunshine
State” is used to market it. The slogan highlights its beautiful climate for
tourists who are seeking a place to have a warm weather vacation. For a city in
Ghana like Kumasi, the accolade “the Garden City” is used in touting its impressive
landscape and greenery. In Bauchi State, the slogan “Pearl of Tourism” is used
to indicate to the world that there are several tourist attractions in the
state to be visited by inbound tourists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><img alt="Golf, Golfer, Tee, Golf Clubs, Sport" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/02/20/14/50/golf-83869__340.jpg" style="background-color: transparent;" /></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><i>Activity Marketing</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Another form of tourism marketing is
Activity Marketing. Activity marketing involves putting measures in place to
attract people to a tourist destination by using interesting activities which
goes on there. For example the Cane Film Festival, held annually is used by
many tourism marketers to attract many people to the Southern breathtaking
beaches of the French Riviera in France. Other such similar activities marketed
to attract visitors include the special way Easter Festivities are celebrated
in the Kwahu Land in Ghana, the Resort Communities in Hilton Head Islands in
the USA where different adverts are designed and mounted to attract people
around different activities such as golfing, tennis playing, and families
looking to have a destination with beaches. In Rivers State in Nigeria, “Carniriv”,
an annual carnival is marketed to attract tourists to the city of Port Harcourt.
Activity marketing can also be created around hiking, and gambling for example.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>TOURISM MARKETING STRATEGIES</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A marketing strategy is a description of the plan made by any
business organization or a manager to reach people who may be interested in
purchasing or patronizing its services or products with the aim to turn those
people into customers of the goods and services which the business organization
provides. The marketing strategy of a firm is the steps and plans through which
the business makes customers see how valuable it is for them to purchase its
goods and services. In the same way tourism marketing strategy is how a tourist
venue or activity is made to look attractive to ensure that it attracts
repeated visit from tourists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It must be understood that this explanation, brings out the
difference between tourism marketing tactics and tourism marketing strategy.
Tourism marketing tactic is the little, little steps taken to make a tourist
activity or a programme successful while “tourism marketing strategy” refers to
a master plan, this is based on long term goals. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
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<img alt="Goal Target Dart Board Darts Accurate Comp" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/01/05/14/13/goal-1955252__340.jpg" style="background-color: transparent;" /><span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><i>Segmentation</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Market segmentation is a marketing strategy which involves
dividing potential customers which the business is aiming to reach into groups
with the same or identical tastes, buying behavior, preferences and expectations.
After dividing potential customers into groups or segment, the marketing managers
now package their services or products in such a way that the needs, tastes,
expectations and preferences of customers in each segment or group are met when
they patronize or buy those goods and services. This strategy can probably be
said to be the direct opposite of mass marketing where no attempt is made to
segment customers into groups. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tourists are often made up of people from different walks of
life. As a result, all of them are likely to have, for example, different
expectations of how they would wish an excellent holiday would look like, as
well as how much they may be willing to spend on their vacations. By grouping
these into persons with similar tastes, tourism marketers are able to provide
vacation packages to meet the taste, preference and purchasing power of each
group. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sometimes, target market is ideal when a company or tour
operator does not have the financial means to cater for the various groups of
tourists. By segmenting them, a tourist service provider can concentrate
his/her resources in meeting the needs of only the few groups that his business
strength can take care of. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><i>Mass marketing</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mass marketing is also known as undifferentiated marketing. It is
a marketing strategy where the tourism management tries to reach every
potential patron in one go with the same marketing approach. Usually in mass
marketing, mass advertising is used to distribute information about the tourist
destination or activity. Mass media, mass distribution of messages of the fun
to be had and the attractiveness of the tourist site is extensively used.
Unlike in the case of segmentation, no attempt is made in mass marketing to
group potential customers into various segments with similar preference and
taste. Instead one product is marketed to all potential customers with the aim
of reaching as many people as possible. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">One major advantage of mass marketing is that it saves cost
which is incurred in marketing to different groups separately by designing
different messages and distributing through different mean to target customers
in each group.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i><b>Niche marketing (new emerging markets)</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Niche marketing in tourism is where
tourist destination managers use special programs to attract tourists in very
special market segments. Unlike in the case of market segmentation, niche
marketing focuses on just one group of customers or tourists who has a special
need and; are looking to visit places where those needs and passion would be
satisfied. For example a tourist who needs some quietness and moments of
reflection would not go for a crowded street jam. Because his need is not to
meet people and have fun. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Niche marketing in tourism is based on
the understanding that tourists are usually looking for experiences. Because of
this they would want to visit those places where the opportunity to have those
wonderful experiences to match their interests and passion. Creating a niche
tourist product and service actually helps the tourist organization to increase
visitation from people with passions that match the tourist packages they
offer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some examples of particular niche
tourist markets include: Agri-tourism (for tourists interested in farming);
Eco-tourism (for people interested in the peculiar nature of an areas
vegetation and wildlife); Wine tourism (for tourists who have a passion for
wine, its taste, history and preparation; as well as buying, drinking and
keeping good wine). Typical region most visited by wine tourist include the
Finger Lakes region in New York, USA and France. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #26282a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contrary to what many believe, a niche
market is not necessarily a small market. For example there is currently a form
of niche tourist market which attracts thousands of people every year known as
medical tourism where people take vacation to regions where health care bills
are low to get treated for illness while on vacation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)</b><br />
1.a.Explain the term tourism marketing.<br />
   b. Highlight how the following are used in tourism marketing.<br />
       i.   Segmentation<br />
       ii.  Mass Marketing<br />
       iii. Niche Marketing<br />
<br />
<b>ALSO READ:</b><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/07/the-roles-of-public-agencies-in-tourism-in-Nigeria.html" target="_blank">The role of Public Agencies in tourism in Nigeria</a><br />
<a href="http://www.virtualkollage.com/2018/05/the-economic-benefits-of-tourism.html" target="_blank">The economic benefits of tourism</a><br />
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The meaning of tourism marketing

MEANING OF TOURISM MARKETING By definition, tourism marketing is the relevant marketing steps and methods used in making tourist loc...

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Posted by Chester Morton / Thursday, 19 July 2018 / No comments

The roles of public agencies in tourism in Nigeria

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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Image result for free Images of ministry of tourism, Nigeria" height="245" 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" width="400" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>THE ROLES OF PUBLIC AGENCIES IN TOURISM<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Introduction</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The contribution of tourism to a national economy cannot be
gainsaid. In some countries of the world, tourism is almost turning into the
highest contributor to GDP and therefore other countries are following with
calculated policies and programmes to cash in, including Nigeria. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The federal government of Nigeria has over the years
established correspondent ministries and important public agencies to help the
country drive the agenda of diversifying the sources of income for the state, a
chunk of it to include tourism. Some of these public agencies include the Federal
Ministry of Tourism, Culture and National Orientation, State Tourism Boards and
Local Government Tourism Committees. Other public agencies are the Nigerian
Tourism Development Corporation which is responsible for policy implementation,
National Institute for Hospitality and Tourism, responsible for Manpower
development and National Commission for Museums and Monuments responsible for
the preservation of heritages.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>Federal Ministry of Tourism, Culture and National Orientation</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Federal Ministry of Tourism, Culture and National
Orientation was chipped off two previous federal ministries, these are the Federal Ministry of Information and Culture and the Federal Ministry of Commerce and Tourism.
It was established in 1999. It is responsible for promoting the cultural
heritage of the country. Some of the objectives of the ministry include, the
promotion of culture and tourism as a foreign exchange earner, positioning the
sector as a major employer of labour and the driver of rural development, to
mention but a few.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>State Ministries of Tourism </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aside the Federal Ministry of Tourism, the various states
within the federation also have their respective tourism ministries charged
with the responsibility of developing the tourism sector within their
respective jurisdictions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><img alt="Beach, Love, Sunset, Sea, Man, Woman" src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/10/20/17/29/beach-2872056__340.jpg" /> </o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Lagos State Ministry of Tourism and Inter-Governmental
Relations, for example, was set up to take care of policy development. It is also to
plan and implement the state’s policy on tourism. In other words, this ministry
is the driver of government plans and projections in the tourism sector of the
Lagos State economy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Local Government Tourism Committees</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Further down at the Local Government level, committees or
boards have been set up to harness the tourism potentials of the states. In
Ekiti state, for instance, Local Government Tourism Committees have been inaugurated.
The main purpose of these committees is to identify and develop the tourism
potentials of the state.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are also other public agencies under the Ministry of
Tourism, Culture and Tourism that are charged to perform various roles within the
sector.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Tourism Development Corporation came into existence in
1992. It started first as the Nigerian Tourist Association way back in 1962.
After its establishment in 1992, it was placed under the Ministry of Culture,
Tourism, and National Orientation. According to information available on their
official website, the Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation’s main functions
are to plan, supervise, develop and market tourism in Nigeria. In other words,
it was charged with the responsibility of policy implementation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>National Institute for Hospitality and Tourism </i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The National Institute of Hospitality and Tourism, NIHOTOUR,
Nigeria was established in 1988 to train professionals for the tourism industry
in Nigeria. It was also to introduce post-graduate courses in the travel and tourism
and hospitality fields. In a nutshell, it is responsible for Manpower
development in the tourism sector.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>National Institute for Cultural Orientation (NICO)</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The National Institute for Cultural Orientation is another
relevant skills acquisition centre in Nigeria. It was established in 1993 as a
parastatal of the Federal Ministry of Tourism, Culture and National
Orientation. As a training institute, NICO contribution to the tourism sector
is to train Cultural Officers, Motivators and Communicators in the cultural
realities, philosophy and practices of Nigeria. Its vision is to become the
leading cultural training institute in Nigeria. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>National Commission for Museums and Monuments</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The National Commission for Museums and Monuments was first
established by decree in 1977. With the re-introduction of liberal democracy in
Nigeria, that decree has since been replaced with an Act of Parliament, CAP 242
of 1990. The primary aim for the establishment of this Commission is to preserve
the rich cultural heritage of Nigeria for the people both living and yet to be
born. It is also present same to both local and international tourists to boost
tourism in Nigeria. As part of their functions, they collect and document the
cultural and natural heritages of Nigeria so that they can be conserved and
preserved. In museums dotted around various places in Nigeria, the commission
ensures that the heritages are presented to the public for both entertainment
and educational purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b><i>The Rivers State Tourism Development Agency (RSTDA)</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">This is one of the State Government agencies in Nigeria. This one happens to be in Rivers State. This Tourism Development Agency was established in January of 2012. It primary aim is to stimulate responsible partnership in the sector, between local and international players so as to harness the potentials in the tourism sector in Rivers State. It also aspires to develop to measure up to global best practices.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>SAMPLE QUESTION(S)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. a. Identify six public agencies of tourism in Nigeria.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span>b. Highlight the
roles played by four of the public agencies listed above. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div>
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