The historical development of money in The Gambia
Posted by Chester Morton / Saturday, 14 January 2017 / No comments
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MONEY IN THE GAMBIA
Definition of money
Definition of money
Money can be defined as “any commodity which is generally
acceptable in exchange for goods and services.” It has three dimensional
meanings. The first is that it is a medium of exchange. The second is that it
is a unit of account and the third is that it is a store of value. For the
ordinary man in the street, because he uses money for the exchange of goods and
services is seen as a medium of exchange.
DEVELOPMENT
In the beginning, goods were exchanged for other goods. This
means that if someone wants oranges, he or she needed to exchange what he or
she had for the orange. For instance, the person has avocado but wants oranges;
so he looks for someone who has oranges and exchanges it. This system was
called the barter system.
There were difficulties with the operation of this barter system.
One of these problems is that if someone had avocados and wanted oranges, that
person must look for another person who has the oranges he or she is looking
for but who also wants avocado in return. Apart from that, there was a problem
of determining how many avocados must be exchanged for how many oranges. The
system was therefore not as smooth as was needed.
The next stage of the development of money is the stage of
commodity. This kind of money was valuable and wanted by many people. It was
also durable and portable. It could also be easily stored. An example of this
commodity is maize because it was in great demand and was useful on its own. At
other times, commodities like tobacco, salt etc were used as money.
After this, precious metals were introduced and used. They
were referred to as metallic money. Some examples of precious metals which were
used as money were gold and silver. For one thing, they were valuable. They
could also be divisible into smaller sizes and weighed so as to assign a value
to each or weight.
One of the earliest use of coins as money was in Ancient
India around the 6th century BC. Later, the Greeks and the Romans
used it.
Paper currency, on the other hand, was first introduced in
China in the 11th century. Later, it was introduced in Europe by the
renowned explorer, Marco Polo in the 13th century. The paper
currency later spread to other parts of the world.
Like all the other British colonies of West Africa, the
Gambia also extensively used other forms of money prior to the introduction of
currency by the British. Some of the monies used were cowry shells and gold dust.
In 1912, the British formed the West African Currency Board
and its main function was to control the supply of currency to the British West
African colonies. Thus the board introduced the British West African pound in
the Gambia as in the other colonies from around 1916.
It was in 1965 that the Gambia introduced the Gambian pound
to replace the British West African pound. This was a recommendation by the West
African currency Board after the Gambia attained internal self-government status
in 1963 October. The Gambian pound was used until 1971. In 1971, the Central
Bank of The Gambia introduced the Dalasi to replace the Gambian pound. The
dalasi has been in use since it was introduced till this day.
